[PDF] [PDF] Object Oriented Analysis & Design - University of Warwick

[PDF] Object Oriented Analysis & Design - University of Warwick

Oriented Analysis Design Introduction to Object Orientation Objects Definition of an object Example: “department offers courses”, is an association

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This leads to the following definition of a class: A class embodies the properties and behaviour that a collection of objects have in common Examples of classes

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Before you start proceeding with this tutorial, it is assumed that you have basic understanding of computer programming and related programming paradigms

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22 jan 2020 · Page-Jones, Fundamentals of Object-Oriented Design in UML Examples of how OOAD can be applied across the system development

[PDF] OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

design, and because we need to express concrete examples, we choose to do so We first present a graphic notation for object-oriented analysis and design,

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For example, a description of a database schema and software objects Design ideas often exclude low-level or "obvious" details obvious to the intended 

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Step-by-Step instructions along with vivid examples and illustrations offer a fresh, practical, and approachable plan to learn object-oriented design Students will 

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Inheritance defines an “is – a” relationship Example From a class Mammal, a number of classes can be derived such as Human, Cat, Dog, Cow, etc

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concepts (for example, a software class named Sale) that fulfill application requirements • Technical Services—general purpose objects and subsystems that 

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Object Oriented Analysis & Design

Lecture # 3Department of Computer Science and Technology

University of Bedfordshire

Written by David Goodwin,

based on the bookApplying UML and Patterns (3rded.) byC. Larman(2005).

Modelling and Simulation, 2012

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

Orientation

Objects

Class

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageOutline

Introduction to Object Orientation

Objects

Class

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

Package

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

Orientation

Objects

Class

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageIntroduction to

Object Orientation

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

Orientation

Objects

Class

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageObject Orientation

I Knowing and object-oriented language (such as Java) is a necessary but insucient step to create object systems. I UML is just a diagramming tool; it's full use isn't realised without object oriented design.

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

Orientation

Objects

Class

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageOOA/D

I

Object-oriented analysis (OOA):

I process of analysing a task (also known as a problem domain)

Inding and describing objects

Itypical:

I set of use cases

Ione or more class diagrams

Ia number of interaction diagrams

I

Object-oriented design (OOD):

I dening software objects and how they collaborate to fulll the requirements.

Iconstraints to conceptual model produced in

object-oriented analysis

IConcepts in the analysis model are mapped onto

implementation classes and interfaces resulting in a model of the solution domain.

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

OrientationObjects

Class

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageObjects

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

OrientationObjects

Class

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageDefinition of an object

I

Object:

I

Objects directly relate to real-world `entities'.

IAn object has identity, state & behaviour.

I Identity: the property of an object that distinguishes it from other objects

IState: describes the data stored in the object

IBehaviour: describes the methods in the object's

interface by which the object can be used I The state of an object is one of the possible conditions in which an object may exist. IThe state of an object is represented by the values of its properties (attributes).

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

OrientationObjects

Class

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageDefinition of an object

I

Real-world objects share three characteristics:

I

Identity:

I Dog

IBicycle

IState:

I

Dogs have state (name, color, breed, hungry)

IBicycles also have state (current gear, current pedal cadence, current speed) I

Behaviour:

I Dogs have behaviour (barking, fetching, wagging tail) IBicycles also have behaviour (changing gear, changing pedal cadence, applying brakes)

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

OrientationObjects

Class

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageIdentifying & using objects' states

I \What possible states can this object be in?" I \What possible behaviour can this object perform?" I

Some objects will contain other objects.

I By attributing state (current speed, current pedal cadence, and current gear) and providing methods for changing that state, the object remains in control of how the outside world is allowed to use it. I if the bicycle only has 6 gears, a method to change gears could reject any value that is less than 1 or greater than 6.

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

OrientationObjects

Class

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageAdvantages of using objects

I Bundling code into individual software objects provides a number of benets, including: I

Modularity:

I

The source code for an object can be written and

maintained independently of the source code for other objects.

IInformation-hiding:

I

By interacting only with an object's methods, the

details of its internal implementation remain hidden from the outside world. I

Code re-use:

I If an object already exists, you can use that object in your program. I

Pluggability and debugging ease:

I If a particular object turns out to be problematic, you can simply remove it from your application and plug in a dierent object as its replacement.

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

Orientation

ObjectsClass

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageClass

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

Orientation

ObjectsClass

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageWhat is a Class?

I

Many individual objects can be of the same kind:

I There may be thousands of other bicycles in existence, all of the same make and model. IEach bicycle was built from the same set of blueprints and therefore contains the same components. I In object-oriented terms, we say that your bicycle is an instance of the class of objects known as bicycles. I A class is the blueprint from which individual objects are created.

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

Orientation

ObjectsClass

Attributes

Operations

Associations

Aggregation

Composition

Inheritance

Dependency

Multiplicity

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Interface

PackageClass example in Java

I

The elds cadence, speed,

and gear represent the object's state, and the methods (changeCadence, changeGear, speedUp etc.) dene its interaction.

Object

Oriented

Analysis &

DesignIntroduction to

Object

Orientation

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