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Functional and Object-Oriented Javascript

or

The Javascript Marty Doesn't Want You to Know

aka

How to make your

Javascript less

like this:And more like this: function init() { var items = document.getQuerySelectorAll(".thing"); for(var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) { function clickthing() { this.innerHTML = "clicked"; this.style.color = "red"; window.onload = init;$(function() { $(".thing").click(function() { What? Functional Javascript with anonymous methods and methods-as-variables. Objective Javascript with both Java-like and JSON notation.

Javascripts objects-as-hashes.

Why?

Most JS code out there won't look like Java code

(Will use at least some of the things listed above)

The big payoff: jQuery

(But jQuery won't make much sense without this!)

Functional JavascriptFunctions are variables too!

function test() { console.log("test!"); var test = function() { console.log("test!"); }is the same* as...

*actually there are a few minor differences involving the order the code is loaded, but don't mind meFunctions are variables too!

And what can we do with variables?

Functional Javascript

var test = function() { console.log("test"); function caller(fn) { fn(); caller(test);

What should this bit of code do?

Then - how do we get this work if test has a parameter?What should this bit of code do?

Functional Javascript

function isEven(x) { return x%2==0; Given this, write a method removeEvens(a) that takes an array (of numbers) and returns a copy of the passed in array, removing all the even elements. Then, generalize it to odds, or every third, etc.A more realistic example: function removeEvens(a) { var newa = []; return newa;

Functional JavascriptA more realistic example:

function removef(a,f) { var newa = []; for(var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) { if (!f(a[i])) { newa.push(a[i]); return newa; function isEven(i) { return i % 2 == 0; removef([1,2,3,4,5],isEven); //removes all evens What we just implemented here is filter, a basic operation in functional programming. (Javascript arrays have this by default, so we'll use that instead)

Functional JavascriptArray.filter

[1,2,3,4,5,6].filter(function(e){ return e%2==0}); //returns array of all evens in the array [-1,2,-3,4,-5,6].filter(function(e){ return e > 0}); //returns array of all the positives in the array ["abc","defg","hi"].filter(function(e){ return e.length == 2 //returns array of all strings of length 2

A few more to try:

Array of strings, remove all empty strings

Array of numbers, remove all contained in another array.

Functional JavascriptArray.map

[1,2,3,4].map(function(i){ return i+1; }) //returns [2,3,4,5] ["abc","bbbc","d"].map(function(i){ return i.length; }) //returns [3,4,1]Another common functional operator is called map. Think of this one as mapping between one array to another, given a mapping function.

A few more to try:

Array of numbers, map to their char (String.fromCharCode(i)) Array of strings, filter out the empty's and map to first letter

Functional JavascriptArray.reduce

a.reduce(function(prev,cur){ return running_sum; }, initial_value);Another common functional operator is called reduce. Think of it as combining all the elements of an array into one item, given an accumulator function. The syntax is different: [1,2,3,4,5].reduce(function(prev,cur) { return prev+cur; }, 0); //returns sum of all elements in the array ["abc","bbbc","d"].reduce(function(prev,cur) { return prev+cur; //what do you think this does?

Functional JavascriptArray.forEach

This one is pretty self explanatory.

(It's the foreach loop in javascript!)

It doesn't return anything.

[1,2,3].forEach(function(i) { console.log(i);

Note about all these functions (except foreach):

They don't modify the array. Instead, they return a new array.

Why Functional Javascript?

It's shorter.

Functions have closure, loops don't.

(You can use this to write shorter and better* code) 5 4 7The for loop and the array.forEach will behave differently for this html page.*opinion

Object-Oriented Javascript

How do you make an object in java?

Object o = new Object();

How do you make an object in javascript?

The same way!

var o = new Object();

Object-Oriented Javascript

Did you know you could do this?

var o = new Object(); o.lolwut = 5; console.log(o.lolwut);

What do you think this'll print?

Lesson:

Javascript objects can hold anything you store in them.

Object-Oriented Javascript

Did you know you could do this?

var o = new Object(); o["lolwut"] = 5; console.log(o.lolwut);

What do you think this'll print?

Lesson:

o["name"] and o.name notation are almost* equivalent *The almost comes from o["string with space"], can't do this the other way.

Object-Oriented Javascript

Another notation

var o = {lol:5, lolwut:"lolwut", lel:[1,2,3]};

Is equivalent to...

var o = new Object(); o.lol = 5; o["lolwut"] = "lolwut"; o.lel = [1,2,3];

The former is commonly called "JSON" notation.

Object-Oriented Javascript

Methods and Fields

This is object-oriented programming, so where are my methods and fields? var o = new Object(); o.lolwut = 5; o.test = function() { console.log("test");

And now you can go...

o.lol();

But how do we access fields?

Object-Oriented Javascript

Methods and Fields

This is object-oriented programming, so where are my methods and fields? var o = new Object(); o.lolwut = 5; o.test = function() { console.log(this.lolwut);

And now you can go...

o.lol();

Example

Count and display the occurrences of every word of a textfield. Hint: create a new object as your dictionary. Then, loop through all the words (split the text on space). Increment the dictionary at the word by 1.quotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23