Analysis of the Longman Corpus Network shows that these 3000 most frequent words in spoken and written English account for 86 of the language This means
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?LONGMAN COMMUNICATION 3000
Longman Communication 3000
The is a list of the 3000 most frequent words in both spoken and written English, based on statistical analysis of the 390 million words contained in the Longman Corpus Network - a group of corpuses or databases of authentic English language. The represents the core of the English language and shows students of English which words are the most important for them to learn and study in order to communicate e?ectively in both speech and writing.Analysis of the Longman Corpus Network
shows that these 3000 most frequent words in spoken and written English account for86% of the language. This means that by
knowing this list of words, a learner of English is in a position to understand 86% or more of what he or she reads. Of course, "knowing" a word involves more than simply being able to recognise it and know a main meaning of it. Many of the most frequent words have a range of di?erent meanings, a variety of di?erent grammatical patterns, and numerous significant collocations. Nonetheless, a basic understanding of the is a very powerful tool and will help students develop good comprehension and communication skills in English.Jeremy Harmer, ELT author
To ensure that users have access to the
appropriate information, the marks all the words that are in the in red accompanied by special symbols: fl fi , and for words that are in the top 1000, 2000 and 3000 most frequent words in written English, and Sfl Sfi andS for the top 1000, 2000 and 3000 most
frequent words in spoken English. Nowadays, many learner's dictionaries include information about the most frequent words in English, butLongman dictionaries are the only ones to
highlight the di?erences between spoken andwritten frequency.These frequency markers added to the headwords in the dictionary give users access to a wealth of information that can help the
selection of the appropriate word or phrase in a variety of situations. Not only are the words and meanings given descriptive labels, for example or (AmericanEnglish) or
(British English), , but now they have the added information about relative frequency in spoken and written language.Take for example the verb
(in the meaning of ). It is marked as Sfi - one of the top 2000 words of spokenEnglish. Note that is has no marker for written
English because according to corpus analysis,
it is not part of the top 3000 most frequent words in written English. However, the entry also indicates that a synonym for is which is in the top 3000 most frequent words in written English. The conclusion to be drawn from this is that in speaking (for instance when phoning a hotel or restaurant), is the most appropriate verb to use when asking for a room or table to be kept for you. In writing, however, it would be more appropriate to useProfessor Geo?rey Leech,
Emeritus Professor of English Language
and Linguistics - University of LancasterLearning a language can be exciting, but also sometimes di?cult and frustrating because there are so many things to learn
and it is di?cult to know what to focus on.