This document provides a guide for installing OpenLDAP Software 2 4 experienced system administrators with basic understanding of LDAP-based directory
based upon University of Michigan document: The SLAPD and SLURPD Administrators Guide Amendments Suggested enhancements and corrections to this
LDAP directory service is based on a client−server model One or more LDAP servers contain the data making up the directory information tree (DIT) The client
This document provides a guide for installing OpenLDAP Software 2 4 experienced system administrators with basic understanding of LDAP-based directory
10 mai 2017 · This document is based upon University of Michigan document: The SLAPD and SLURPD Administrators Guide Amendments Suggested
Installation du serveur LDAP Software 2 4 Administrator's Guide Il est cependant 389 qui est ouvert en écoute lors de l'installation du paquet slapd 4 2
10 jan 2001 · Directory Server Administrator's Guide How This Book Is Organized The LDAP Setup and Configuration Guide has the following organization:
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This paper is mostly based on the University of Michigan LDAP information pages and on the OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide Page 2 Table of Contents
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OpenLDAP Software 2.4 Administrator"s Guide Table of Contents Scope of this Document..............................................................................................................1
About this document...................................................................................................................2
1. Introduction to OpenLDAP Directory Services..............................................................................3 1.1. What is a directory service?.................................................................................................3 1.2. What is LDAP?....................................................................................................................4 1.3. When should I use LDAP?..................................................................................................6 1.4. When should I not use LDAP?............................................................................................6 1.5. How does LDAP work?.......................................................................................................6 1.6. What about X.500?..............................................................................................................7 1.7. What is the difference between LDAPv2 and LDAPv3?....................................................7 1.8. LDAP vs RDBMS...............................................................................................................7 1.9. What is slapd and what can it do?........................................................................................9 2. A Quick-Start Guide........................................................................................................................11 3. The Big Picture - Configuration Choices.......................................................................................15 3.1. Local Directory Service.....................................................................................................15 3.2. Local Directory Service with Referrals.............................................................................15 3.3. Replicated Directory Service.............................................................................................15 3.4. Distributed Local Directory Service..................................................................................16 4. Building and Installing OpenLDAP Software...............................................................................17 4.1. Obtaining and Extracting the Software..............................................................................17 4.2. Prerequisite software..........................................................................................................17 4.2.1. Transport Layer Security..........................................................................................17 4.2.2. Simple Authentication and Security Layer..............................................................18 4.2.3. Kerberos Authentication Service.............................................................................18 4.2.4. Database Software....................................................................................................18 4.2.5. Threads.....................................................................................................................19 4.2.6. TCP Wrappers..........................................................................................................19 4.3. Running configure.............................................................................................................19 4.4. Building the Software........................................................................................................20 4.5. Testing the Software..........................................................................................................20 4.6. Installing the Software.......................................................................................................20 5. Configuring slapd............................................................................................................................22 5.1. Configuration Layout.........................................................................................................22 5.2. Configuration Directives....................................................................................................24 5.2.1. cn=config..................................................................................................................24 5.2.2. cn=module................................................................................................................26 5.2.3. cn=schema................................................................................................................27 5.2.4. Backend-specific Directives.....................................................................................27 5.2.5. Database-specific Directives....................................................................................28OpenLDAP Software 2.4 Administrator"s Guide i
Table of Contents 5. Configuring slapd 5.2.6. BDB and HDB Database Directives........................................................................33 5.3. Configuration Example......................................................................................................37 5.4. Converting old style slapd.conf(5) file to cn=config format.............................................39 6. The slapd Configuration File..........................................................................................................40 6.1. Configuration File Format.................................................................................................40 6.2. Configuration File Directives............................................................................................41 6.2.1. Global Directives......................................................................................................41 6.2.2. General Backend Directives.....................................................................................44 6.2.3. General Database Directives....................................................................................44 6.2.4. BDB and HDB Database Directives........................................................................48 6.3. Configuration File Example...............................................................................................49 7. Running slapd..................................................................................................................................51 7.1. Command-Line Options....................................................................................................51 7.2. Starting slapd.....................................................................................................................52 7.3. Stopping slapd....................................................................................................................53 8. Access Control..................................................................................................................................54 8.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................54 8.2. Access Control via Static Configuration...........................................................................54 8.2.1. What to control access to.........................................................................................55 8.2.2. Who to grant access to.............................................................................................56 8.2.3. The access to grant...................................................................................................57 8.2.4. Access Control Evaluation.......................................................................................57 8.2.5. Access Control Examples.........................................................................................58 8.3. Access Control via Dynamic Configuration......................................................................59 8.3.1. What to control access to.........................................................................................60 8.3.2. Who to grant access to.............................................................................................61 8.3.3. The access to grant...................................................................................................62 8.3.4. Access Control Evaluation.......................................................................................62 8.3.5. Access Control Examples.........................................................................................63 8.3.6. Access Control Ordering..........................................................................................64 8.4. Access Control Common Examples..................................................................................65 8.4.1. Basic ACLs..............................................................................................................65 8.4.2. Matching Anonymous and Authenticated users.......................................................66 8.4.3. Controlling rootdn access.........................................................................................66 8.4.4. Managing access with Groups..................................................................................67 8.4.5. Granting access to a subset of attributes..................................................................68 8.4.6. Allowing a user write to all entries below theirs......................................................68 8.4.7. Allowing entry creation............................................................................................69 8.4.8. Tips for using regular expressions in Access Control..............................................70 8.4.9. Granting and Denying access based on security strength factors (ssf)....................71 8.4.10. When things aren"t working as expected................................................................71 8.5. Sets - Granting rights based on relationships.....................................................................72 8.5.1. Groups of Groups.....................................................................................................72 8.5.2. Group ACLs without DN syntax..............................................................................73OpenLDAP Software 2.4 Administrator"s Guide ii
Table of Contents 8. Access Control 8.5.3. Following references................................................................................................74 9. Limits................................................................................................................................................76 9.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................76 9.2. Soft and Hard limits...........................................................................................................76 9.3. Global Limits.....................................................................................................................76 9.4. Per-Database Limits...........................................................................................................77 9.4.1. Specify who the limits apply to................................................................................77 9.4.2. Specify time limits...................................................................................................77 9.4.3. Specifying size limits...............................................................................................78 9.4.4. Size limits and Paged Results...................................................................................78 9.5. Example Limit Configurations..........................................................................................78 9.5.1. Simple Global Limits...............................................................................................79 9.5.2. Global Hard and Soft Limits....................................................................................79 9.5.3. Giving specific users larger limits............................................................................79 9.5.4. Limiting who can do paged searches.......................................................................79 9.6. Further Information............................................................................................................79 10. Database Creation and Maintenance Tools.................................................................................80 10.1. Creating a database over LDAP.......................................................................................80 10.2. Creating a database off-line.............................................................................................81 10.2.1. Theslapadd program..............................................................................................82 10.2.2. Theslapindex program...........................................................................................83 10.2.3. Theslapcat program...............................................................................................83 10.3. The LDIF text entry format.............................................................................................83 11. Backends.........................................................................................................................................86 11.1. Berkeley DB Backends....................................................................................................86 11.1.1. Overview................................................................................................................86 11.1.2. back-bdb/back-hdb Configuration..........................................................................86 11.1.3. Further Information................................................................................................86 11.2. LDAP...............................................................................................................................86 11.2.1. Overview................................................................................................................86 11.2.2. back-ldap Configuration.........................................................................................87 11.2.3. Further Information................................................................................................88 11.3. LDIF.................................................................................................................................88 11.3.1. Overview................................................................................................................88 11.3.2. back-ldif Configuration..........................................................................................88 11.3.3. Further Information................................................................................................89 11.4. Metadirectory...................................................................................................................89 11.4.1. Overview................................................................................................................89 11.4.2. back-meta Configuration........................................................................................89 11.4.3. Further Information................................................................................................89 11.5. Monitor............................................................................................................................89 11.5.1. Overview................................................................................................................89 11.5.2. back-monitor Configuration...................................................................................90 11.5.3. Further Information................................................................................................91OpenLDAP Software 2.4 Administrator"s Guide iii
Table of Contents 11. Backends 11.6. Null..................................................................................................................................91 11.6.1. Overview................................................................................................................91 11.6.2. back-null Configuration.........................................................................................91 11.6.3. Further Information................................................................................................91 11.7. Passwd.............................................................................................................................92 11.7.1. Overview................................................................................................................92 11.7.2. back-passwd Configuration....................................................................................92 11.7.3. Further Information................................................................................................92 11.8. Perl/Shell..........................................................................................................................92 11.8.1. Overview................................................................................................................92 11.8.2. back-perl/back-shell Configuration........................................................................93 11.8.3. Further Information................................................................................................93 11.9. Relay................................................................................................................................93 11.9.1. Overview................................................................................................................93 11.9.2. back-relay Configuration........................................................................................93 11.9.3. Further Information................................................................................................93 11.10. SQL................................................................................................................................93 11.10.1. Overview..............................................................................................................93 11.10.2. back-sql Configuration.........................................................................................94 11.10.3. Further Information..............................................................................................95 12. Overlays..........................................................................................................................................96 12.1. Access Logging................................................................................................................97 12.1.1. Overview................................................................................................................97 12.1.2. Access Logging Configuration...............................................................................97 12.1.3. Further Information................................................................................................98 12.2. Audit Logging..................................................................................................................98 12.2.1. Overview................................................................................................................98 12.2.2. Audit Logging Configuration.................................................................................99 12.2.3. Further Information................................................................................................99 12.3. Chaining...........................................................................................................................99 12.3.1. Overview..............................................................................................................100 12.3.2. Chaining Configuration........................................................................................100 12.3.3. Handling Chaining Errors....................................................................................101 12.3.4. Read-Back of Chained Modifications..................................................................101 12.3.5. Further Information..............................................................................................101 12.4. Constraints.....................................................................................................................101 12.4.1. Overview..............................................................................................................101 12.4.2. Constraint Configuration......................................................................................102 12.4.3. Further Information..............................................................................................102 12.5. Dynamic Directory Services..........................................................................................102 12.5.1. Overview..............................................................................................................102 12.5.2. Dynamic Directory Service Configuration..........................................................102 12.5.3. Further Information..............................................................................................104 12.6. Dynamic Groups............................................................................................................104 12.6.1. Overview..............................................................................................................104 12.6.2. Dynamic Group Configuration.............................................................................104OpenLDAP Software 2.4 Administrator"s Guide iv
Table of Contents 12. Overlays 12.7. Dynamic Lists................................................................................................................104 12.7.1. Overview..............................................................................................................104 12.7.2. Dynamic List Configuration.................................................................................104 12.7.3. Further Information..............................................................................................106 12.8. Reverse Group Membership Maintenance....................................................................106 12.8.1. Overview..............................................................................................................106 12.8.2. Member Of Configuration....................................................................................106 12.8.3. Further Information..............................................................................................107 12.9. The Proxy Cache Engine...............................................................................................107 12.9.1. Overview..............................................................................................................108 12.9.2. Proxy Cache Configuration..................................................................................108 12.9.3. Further Information..............................................................................................110 12.10. Password Policies........................................................................................................110 12.10.1. Overview............................................................................................................110 12.10.2. Password Policy Configuration..........................................................................111 12.10.3. Further Information............................................................................................113 12.11. Referential Integrity.....................................................................................................113 12.11.1. Overview............................................................................................................113 12.11.2. Referential Integrity Configuration....................................................................113 12.11.3. Further Information............................................................................................114 12.12. Return Code.................................................................................................................114 12.12.1. Overview............................................................................................................114 12.12.2. Return Code Configuration................................................................................115 12.12.3. Further Information............................................................................................115 12.13. Rewrite/Remap............................................................................................................115 12.13.1. Overview............................................................................................................115 12.13.2. Rewrite/Remap Configuration...........................................................................116 12.13.3. Further Information............................................................................................116 12.14. Sync Provider...............................................................................................................116 12.14.1. Overview............................................................................................................116 12.14.2. Sync Provider Configuration..............................................................................116 12.14.3. Further Information............................................................................................116 12.15. Translucent Proxy........................................................................................................116 12.15.1. Overview............................................................................................................116 12.15.2. Translucent Proxy Configuration.......................................................................117 12.15.3. Further Information............................................................................................119 12.16. Attribute Uniqueness...................................................................................................119 12.16.1. Overview............................................................................................................119 12.16.2. Attribute Uniqueness Configuration..................................................................119 12.16.3. Further Information............................................................................................120 12.17. Value Sorting...............................................................................................................120 12.17.1. Overview............................................................................................................120 12.17.2. Value Sorting Configuration..............................................................................120 12.17.3. Further Information............................................................................................121 12.18. Overlay Stacking..........................................................................................................121 12.18.1. Overview............................................................................................................121 12.18.2. Example Scenarios.............................................................................................122OpenLDAP Software 2.4 Administrator"s Guide v
Table of Contents 13. Schema Specification...................................................................................................................123 13.1. Distributed Schema Files...............................................................................................123 13.2. Extending Schema.........................................................................................................123 13.2.1. Object Identifiers..................................................................................................124 13.2.2. Naming Elements.................................................................................................125 13.2.3. Local schema file.................................................................................................125 13.2.4. Attribute Type Specification................................................................................125 13.2.5. Object Class Specification...................................................................................128 13.2.6. OID Macros..........................................................................................................129 14. Security Considerations..............................................................................................................130 14.1. Network Security...........................................................................................................130 14.1.1. Selective Listening...............................................................................................130 14.1.2. IP Firewall............................................................................................................130 14.1.3. TCP Wrappers......................................................................................................130 14.2. Data Integrity and Confidentiality Protection................................................................131 14.2.1. Security Strength Factors.....................................................................................131 14.3. Authentication Methods.................................................................................................131 14.3.1. "simple" method...................................................................................................131 14.3.2. SASL method.......................................................................................................132 14.4. Password Storage...........................................................................................................132 14.4.1. SSHA password storage scheme..........................................................................133 14.4.2. CRYPT password storage scheme.......................................................................133 14.4.3. MD5 password storage scheme............................................................................133 14.4.4. SMD5 password storage scheme..........................................................................134 14.4.5. SHA password storage scheme............................................................................134 14.4.6. SASL password storage scheme..........................................................................134 14.5. Pass-Through authentication..........................................................................................134 14.5.1. Configuring slapd to use an authentication provider...........................................135 14.5.2. Configuring saslauthd..........................................................................................135 14.5.3. Testing pass-through authentication.....................................................................135 15. Using SASL...................................................................................................................................137 15.1. SASL Security Considerations......................................................................................137 15.2. SASL Authentication.....................................................................................................138 15.2.1. GSSAPI................................................................................................................138 15.2.2. KERBEROS_V4..................................................................................................139 15.2.3. DIGEST-MD5......................................................................................................140 15.2.4. Mapping Authentication Identities.......................................................................141 15.2.5. Direct Mapping....................................................................................................142 15.2.6. Search-based mappings........................................................................................143 15.3. SASL Proxy Authorization............................................................................................144 15.3.1. Uses of Proxy Authorization................................................................................144 15.3.2. SASL Authorization Identities.............................................................................145 15.3.3. Proxy Authorization Rules...................................................................................145OpenLDAP Software 2.4 Administrator"s Guide vi
Table of Contents 16. Using TLS.....................................................................................................................................148 16.1. TLS Certificates.............................................................................................................148 16.1.1. Server Certificates................................................................................................148 16.1.2. Client Certificates.................................................................................................148 16.2. TLS Configuration.........................................................................................................148 16.2.1. Server Configuration............................................................................................148 16.2.2. Client Configuration.............................................................................................151 17. Constructing a Distributed Directory Service...........................................................................153 17.1. Subordinate Knowledge Information.............................................................................153 17.2. Superior Knowledge Information..................................................................................153 17.3. The ManageDsaIT Control............................................................................................154 18. Replication....................................................................................................................................155 18.1. Replication Technology.................................................................................................155 18.1.1. LDAP Sync Replication.......................................................................................155 18.2. Deployment Alternatives...............................................................................................159 18.2.1. Delta-syncrepl replication....................................................................................159 18.2.2. N-Way Multi-Master replication..........................................................................160 18.2.3. MirrorMode replication........................................................................................160 18.2.4. Syncrepl Proxy Mode...........................................................................................161 18.3. Configuring the different replication types....................................................................162 18.3.1. Syncrepl................................................................................................................162 18.3.2. Delta-syncrepl......................................................................................................164 18.3.3. N-Way Multi-Master............................................................................................166 18.3.4. MirrorMode..........................................................................................................168 18.3.5. Syncrepl Proxy.....................................................................................................170 quotesdbs_dbs10.pdfusesText_16
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