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INFORMATION TO USERS

This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from aity type of computer printer. Hie quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality iUustratioDs and photogn^ibs, print bleed through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Universily Microfilms international A Bell

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Order Number 9126213 Guided instruction with Logo programming and the development of cognitive monitoring strategies among college students Lee, Mi Ok Cho, Ph.D. Iowa State University, 1991 UMI 3(X)N.ZccbRd. Ann

Aibor,

MI 48106
Guided instruction with Logo programming and the development of cognitive monitoring strategies among college students Mi Ok Cho Lee

A Dissertation Submitted to the

Graduate

Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements

for the Degree of

DOCTOR

OF PHILOSOPHY

Department: Curriculum and Instruction

Major: Education (Curriculum and Instructional Technology)

Approved:

ijor Departm(

For the Graduate College

Iowa

State University

Ames, Iowa

1991 Signature was redacted for privacy.

Signature was redacted for privacy.

Signature was redacted for privacy.

ii TABLE OF

CONTENTS PAGE

INTRODUCTION

1 Theoretical Background 5 Statement of

Problem 12 Purpose of

the

Study 14 Research Questions 14 Hypotheses

15 Significance of the Study 17 Limitations

18 Definition of Terms 18 LITERATURE REVIEW

22 Introduction 22 Background

of Logo Programming 22 Research on Logo Programming 28 Reasons for

Conflicting Research Results on Logo Programming . . 34 Metacognition and the Computer 40 Metacognition

40 Metacognitive Knowledge 43 Cognitive Monitoring 48 Logo-Based Instruction and Development of Cognitive Monitoring . 56 Model

of Logo-Based Cognitive Monitoring Instruction 61 Summary 69
iii

METHODOLOGY 72 Introduction 72 Sample

73 Research Design 77 Instructional Materials 85 Experimental Treatment 88 Test

Instruments 95 Analysis of Data 109 RESULTS Ill Introduction Ill Analysis of Pre-Experimental Measures 112 Hypothesis One

114 Hypothesis Two 115 Hypothesis Three 117 Hypothesis Four 119 Hypothesis

Five 121 Hypothesis Six

123 Hypothesis

Seven 125 Results for the Basic Logo Comprehension Test 127 Auxiliary

Findings 129 Summary

134
iv

SUMMARY,

DISCUSSION,

IMPUCATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 139 Summary of

Research

Study 139 Discussion of the Study Results 148 Implications for

Guided Instruction with Logo Programming .... 162 Recommendations for Further Research 166 Concluding Remarks 167 BIBUOGRAPHY 169 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

188 APPENDIX A:

SAMPLE BACKGROUND QUESTIONNAIRE 190 APPENDIX B: HOMOGENEITY OF SAMPLE BACKGROUNDS .... 194 APPENDIX C: A MODEL OF LOGO-BASED COGNITIVE MONITORING

ACI'IVITIES 198 APPENDIX D:

INSTRUCTION

OUTLINE FOR LECTURE : EXPERIMENTAL GROUP 200 APPENDIX E

INSTRUCTION

OUTLINE FOR LECTURE : CONTROL GROUP

216 APPENDIX F:

TRANSPARENCIES FOR INTRODUCTION TO COGNITIVE

MONITORING 231 APPENDIX G:

EXAMPLES

OF

GENERAL

COGNITIVE

MONITORING ACnVITY SHEETS : EXPERIMENTAL GROUP 239 APPENDIX H:

INSTRUCTION

OUTLINE FOR LABORATORY : EXPERIMENTAL

GROUP 250

V

APPENDIX

I: INSTRUCTION OUTLINE FOR LABORATORY : CONTROL GROUP 262 APPENDIX J:

STUDENT

ACTIVITY

SHEETS FOR LECTURE : EXPERIMENTAL GROUP 274 APPENDIX K:

STUDENT

ACTIVITY

SHEETS FOR LECTURE : CONTROL GROUP

286 APPENDIX L-

STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEETS FOR LABORATORY : EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

298 APPENDIX M: STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEETS FOR LABORATORY ; CONTROL GROUP

309 APPENDIX N:

TRANSPARENCIES

FOR EXAMPLES OF HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT : EXPERIMENTAL GROUP 320 APPENDIX a TRANSPARENCIES FOR EXAMPLES OF HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT:

CONTROL

GROUP 327 APPENDIX P: HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT CRITERIA SHEETS : EXPERIMENTAL GROUP 333 APPENDIX Q: HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT CRITERIA SHEETS : CONTROL GROUP

338 APPENDIX R; LOGO DECOMPOSING AND PLANNING TEST .... 343 APPENDIX S:

LOGO ERROR IDENTIHCATION TEST 350 APPENDIX T: GENERAL DECOMPOSING TEST 358 APPENDIX U:

GENERAL PLANNING TEST 363 APPENDIX V: GENERAL ERROR IDENTIHCATION TEST 368 APPENDIX W: BASIC LOGO COMPREHENSION TEST 373

vi LIST OFquotesdbs_dbs21.pdfusesText_27