[PDF] [PDF] Properties of Pure Substances Pure Substance Phases of a Pure

On P-v or T-v diagrams, these triple-phase states form a line called the triple line Table 1: Critical and triple point for water and oxygen Critical Point Triple Point



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1

PropertiesofPureSubstances

PureSubstance

suchaswater,air,andnitrogen. Apure compositionofallphasesisthesame.

PhasesofaPureSubstance

A liquid,andgas. A oscillateabouttheirequilibriumposition.

Liquid

relativetoeachother.

Gasmoleculesmove

thecontainertheyarein. liquidsorsolidphases.

PhaseͲChangeProcessesofPureSubstances

1.Solid

2.Mixedphaseofliquidandsolid

2 liquidiscompletelyvaporized. thesaturationtemperature,T sat iscalledthesaturationpressure,P sat 3 T sat =f(P sat distinguishable thetriple line.

CriticalPointTriplePoint

P(atm)T(K/°C)P(atm)T(K/°C)

H 2

O218647.30/(374.14)0.006273.17(0.01)

O 2

VaporDome

diagram.

Fig.2:PͲvdiagramofapuresubstance.

sat.vaporline sat.liquid lineSUPERHEATED

VAPORREGION

COMPRESSED

LIQUID

REGION

SATURATEDLIQUIDͲ

VAPORREGION

vT 2 =const.>T 1 T 1 =constcriticalpointP 4

ThePͲTorPhaseChangeDiagram

Fig.3:phasediagramofpuresubstances.

(sublimation). thesethreelinesmeetatthetriplepoint. ifP

PropertyTables formoftables,seeTableAͲ4. vapor.Another saturatedliquidvaluesofthesameproperty.

Forexample:

v f =specificvolumeofsaturatedliquid v g =specificvolumeofsaturatedvapor v fg =differencebetweenv g andv f (v fg =v g -v f

Enthalpy

Enthalpyofvaporization(orlatentheat)

:representstheamountofenergyneededto

1ͲSaturatedLiquidͲVaporMixture

gf mmmmmx vaporliquidtotal totalvapor mm liquidͲvapormixture. 6 vvvxkgmxvvvmmxxvvxvvmvmmvmmmmvmvmvmVVV or, //and1mby dividing 3t mixtureproperties.

Similarly,

fgfavefgfave xhhhxuuu

Oringeneral,itcanbesummarizedasy

ave =y f +x.y fg .Notethat: gavef yyyx dd10 criticalpoint sat. liquid statessat. vapor states sat.vapor sat.liquid Por T v 7

Example1:SaturatedliquidͲvapormixture

Aclosed,rigidcontainerofvolume0.5m

3 1 =1 2 =1.5bar.Indicate a)thetemperature,in°C,ateachstate. b)themassofvaporpresentateachstate,inkg. saturatedvapor.

Solution:

Assumptions:

1. Waterinthecontainerisaclosedsystem.

2. States1,2,and3areequilibriumstates.

3. Thevolumeofcontainerremainsconstant.

pressureandqualityareknown.Thusstate1 isknown,asmentionedintheproblem.The kgmvvvxvv fgf /8475.0)001043.0694.1(5.0001043.0kPa100bar 1 Pat 5-A Table From 3

111111

processwithinthecontainer,sov 2 =v 1 .ForP 2 =0.15MPa,TableAͲ5givesv f2 =0.001053 andv g2 =1.1593m 3 /kg.Since 8 v f2 295.059.05.059.0/8475.05.0 113
3 2 .FromTableAͲ5,forP 2 =1.5 bar,wehave: kgkgmxvvvvx gfgf 22222
2

InterpolatinginTableAͲ5atv

g =0.8475m 3 /kg,wegetP 3 =2.11bar. vP 2 =1.5bar P 1 =1bar 3 12T 9

2ͲSuperheatedVapor

IfT>>T

critical orP<

3ͲCompressed(orSubͲcooled)Liquid saturationtemperature. Tf yy approximation: satfTf PPvhh

TheIdealͲGasEquationofState

iscalledanequationofstate. idealͲgasequationofstate. vaporphaseofasubstanceis notfarfromastateofcondensation.quotesdbs_dbs9.pdfusesText_15