[PDF] GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF DRUG DEMAND AND SUPPLY



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GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF DRUG DEMAND AND SUPPLY

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2GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF

DRUG DEMAND AND SUPPLY

WORLD DRUG 2017

This booklet constitutes the second part of the

© United Nations, May 2017. All rights reserved worldwide.

ISBN: 978-92-1-148293-5

eISBN: 978-92-1-060625-7

United Nations publication, Sales No. E.17.XI.8

This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source.

Suggested citation:

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,

(ISBN: 978-92-1-148291-1, eISBN: 978-92-1-060623-3, United Nations publication,

Sales No. E.17.XI.6).

No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from UNODC. Applications for such permission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Research and Trend Analysis Branch of UNODC.

DISCLAIMER

The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC or contributory organizations, nor does it imply any endorsement. Comments on the report are welcome and can be sent to:

Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

PO Box 500

1400 Vienna

Austria

Tel: (+43) 1 26060 0

Fax: (+43) 1 26060 5827

E-mail: wdr@unodc.org

Website: www.unodc.org/wdr2017

3

World Drug Report 2017

World Drug Report 2017

World Drug Report

WORLD DRUG REPORT 2017

4

WORLD DRUG REPORT 2017

5

A quarter of a billion people use drugs globally ........................................................................

...........13

Problem drug use as reflected in the demand for drug treatment .........................................................15

Almost 12 million people worldwide injected drugs in 2015 ...............................................................19

HIV and hepatitis markedly impact on people who inject drugs .........................................................19

Drug use and tuberculosis .......................................................................

At least 190,000 mostly preventable drug-related deaths in 2015 ........................................................26

Access to pain medication: key issues and considerations ....................................................................30

Misuse of prescription opioids ........................................................................

.....................................31

Use of prescription opioids and heroin in the United States ................................................................32

Misuse of tramadol in Africa and Asia .......................................................................

..........................38 Cultivation and production .......................................................................

After cannabis, cocaine accounts for the largest quantities seized .........................................................40

Drug trafficking over the darknet continues to increase at a fast pace .................................................42

Annual prevalence of drug use .......................................................................

......................................47

Number and prevalence of people who inject drugs and those living with HIV ..................................49

Opium/Heroin

......50

Coca/Cocaine

........58

Cannabis

...............60

Latest trends, cross-cutting issues

Opiates, cocaine, cannabis

Amphetamine-type stimulants, new psychoactive substances

Acknowledgements

7

World Drug Report

World Drug Report

World

Drug Report.

World Drug Report

World Drug Report

World Drug

Report

World Population Prospects: The 2015

Revision.

9 2

KEY FINDINGS

WORLDREPORT 2017

10 WORLD

REPORT 2017

11

World Drug Report 2017

10 million years of life lost as a result of disability caused by drug u

se

18 million years of life lost as a result of premature death

caused by drug use17 million DALYs attributed to drug use disorders DALYs attributed to drug use

28 million

healthy years of life lost as a result of drug use

17 million

healthy years of life lost as a result of drug use disorders years of "healthy" life lost as a result of disability years of life lost as a result of premature death drug usedisability prematuredeath years of life lost birthexpected life years DALYs

28 million

"healthy" years of life lost

World Drug Report

13 2

GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF DRUG DEMAND AND SUPPLY

A. EXTENT OF DRUG USE

FIG. 1 Global trends in estimated number of

drug users, 2006-2015 Source: UNODC, responses to annual report questionnaire. Note: Estimates are for adults (aged 15-64) who used drugs in the past year.

0.64.9

4.94.64.85.05.25.25.25.25.3

012345678

2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

Annual prevalence among

Prevalence of people with drug use disordersPrevalence of people who use drugs

26.028.027.327.127.127.327.427.428.7

29.5

208 211 203 210 226 240 243 246 247255

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

Number of people who use drugs

millions) Number of people with drug use disordersNumber of people who use drugs

0.64.9

4.94.64.85.05.25.25.25.25.3

012345678

2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

Annual prevalence among

Prevalence of people with drug use disordersPrevalence of people who use drugs

26.028.027.327.127.127.327.427.428.7

29.5

208 211 203 210 226 240 243 246 247255

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

Number of people who use drugs

millions) Number of people with drug use disordersNumber of people who use drugs

FIG. 2 Global trends in the estimated

prevalence of drug use and prevalence of people with drug use problems,

2006-2015

Source: UNODC, responses to the annual report questionnaire. Note: Estimated percentage of adults (aged 15-64) who used drugs in the past year. 14

WORLD DRUG REPORT 2017

The Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 examined the con nection between the use of drugs a and the development of poor health. b

The most negative health consequences of drug

use are associated with untreated hepatitis C (which can lead to liver cirrhosis and cancer) and opioid use disorders. The burden of disease is greater for health consequences related to hepatitis C than to HIV infection: considerably more deaths (222,000 from hepatitis C; 60,000 from HIV) and DALYs (6.3 million from hepatitis C; 3.0 million from HIV) are attributable to hepatitis C than to HIV. Most of those DALYs are the result of premature death, while the remainder are the result of years lived with disability. Opioids remain major drugs in terms of health consequences, with nearly 12 million of the total 17 million DALYs attrib- uted to drug use disorders in 2015 being attributed to opioid use disorders. Opioids also account for the majority of drug- related deaths in many subregions. The overall burden of disease from all causes of drug use increased in the period 2005-2015, with DALYs increasing from 24 million to 28 million, whereas the burden of disease attributed to drug use disorders alone increased from 14 million to 17 million DALYs over the same period. The largest increase in DALYs was attributed to opioid use disorders, but large increases were also attributed to disor- ders resulting from use of amphetamines and use of cocaine. The fact that opioids, including heroin, account for most of the negative health consequences of drug use is also reected in data provided by hospital emergency departments. In Europe, opioids and heroin are most frequently associated with acute toxicity presentations, with heroin involved in almost one out of four cases. Cocaine and cannabis are also prominent (each accounting for 16 per cent of presentations), with new NPS, mostly synthetic cathinones, and mephedrone in particular, accounting for 11 per cent. Polydrug use presentations are also common in Europe, being involved in 38 per cent of cases. d Number of deaths and “healthy" years of life lost (DALYs) attributable to drug use, 2015 Source: “Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, env ironmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Glo bal Burden of Disease Study 2015".

Notes: Error bars represent uncertainty intervals. Numbers given in charts are percentage changes from 2005.

The Lancet

The Lancet

Hospital Emergency Presentations and Acute Drug Toxicity in Europe: Update from the Euro-DEN Plus Research Group and the EMCDDA

Percentage change from 2005

Percentage change from 2005

-25.7 -3.6 -12.0 39.0
19.0 29.6
49.7
67.5
23.0

2.6-27.1

-5.6 -12.3 27.5
12.1 22.3
37.0
quotesdbs_dbs13.pdfusesText_19