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(LES FEMMES SAVANTES) BY MOLIERE TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE _WITH SHORT INTRODUCTIONS AND EXPLANATORY NOTES_ BY CHARLES HERON WALL The comedy of 'Les Femmes Savantes' was acted on March 11, 1692 (see vol i p 153) page 1 / 108



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DOCUMENT ED 112 434 CS, 202 293

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‘HOW MUCH OF THE FRENCH IS IN THIS’: APHRA BEHN’S USE OF

added Les Femmes savantes and L’Amour médecin to the sources of Behn’s comedies Therefore, Le Malade imaginaire, Les Femmes savantes, L’Amour médecin and Monsieur de Pourceaugnac may be the four French plays which critics referred to when the play was released So, in the following sections I aim to provide an analysis of what she borrowed



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DOCUMENT

ED 112 434

CS, 202 293

TITLEPerk Up Your Gr4mmar; Workshop in Effective

English.

A'' INSTITUTIONCivil Serqce Commiss1Won,ashington, D.C.Communications and Office Skills Training Center. tBUB DATE.75', NOTE 202p.

EDRS PRICEME-$0.76 BC-$10.78.Plus'Postage.,

DESCRIPTORSAdjectives; Adult Education; EngfisivInstruction; *Grammar; Instructional Materials; Manuals;Piragraphs; Sentence Struture;%Technical EducatiOn;

4*Technical Writing; Verbs; Workshops; *Writing.

Skills

ABSTRACTThis workshopguide is designed to help civil service students both learn to use good grammar and develop their technical writing skills. Discussed, are such topics as nouns, gender, number, person, and case, appositive's, pronouns, mood, verbs, (transitive and

intransitive), adjectives ana Adverbs, comparisons, articles,ionjunctionS, infinitiVes, gerunds, participles, commas, punctuation,hyphenation, phrues, clauses, sentences, parallelism,colloquiilisms, editing; dictionary, and'prefixes and suffixes.

(TS) f 0 DOCuments acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished* *.materials not available, from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * ,* to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal* * reproducibility are often encountered and this `affects the quO.ity * of the.microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available

* via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). BUS is not* responsible for the quality of the originardocument. Reproductions.*

* supplied by EDRS are the best that, can be made from the original. 04 y e I,

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WORKSHOP IN

EFFECTIVE

ENGLISH

PREPARED BY

COMMUNICATIONS AND. OFFICE SKILLS TRAINING CENTE

BUREAU OF TRAINING

U.S: CIVIL ,SERVICE C9MMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C.

JULY,* 1971

Printed in 1975 by Government Printing Office

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE No

INTRODUCTION

1

EXPLANATION AND DIAGRAM. OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH

2-3

PRACTICE

4-5 NOUNS t 0.

Analyzing errors in substantives

.. *. ..8

Definition and kinds-

._--9-10

Gender....

.10

Number..

r11-14

Person and case..

7,14

Practice:

plurals and possesstvest..................:......15-22

Capitalization

..23-28

Appositives

29 -3O.

Orfous noun functions.

i31-32

PRONOyNS*

Chart on pronoun. cases

Problem pronouns33

34

Subject-pronoun-verb agreement

Practice:

pronouns;, case, and verbagreement

ACTIONL

Analyzing errors in verbs

Definition

.35 3649
50
51

Person and number

,,-51-53

Practice:

Nouns, pronoun, and verbs54

Practice:

Subject-verb agreement

Practice:

Using verbs ..55-57

58-63
Voice 64-66

Mood...

67

Transitive and intransi ive

.68

Special ,types of verbs.

,68

Linktng verbs

1.68-71

Lie, Lay, fit, Set,

ise, Raise72-76

Practice

77-78
rt 7.).

INFORMATION, PLEASE!

r. "ADJECTIVES AND-ADVERBS

Page No.

Analyzing errors in modifiers.........................'.......... 0,4 a

Degrees of comparison

,,:...% .'.ir-82 Squinting, misplaced, and dangling modifiers5'1;,..V1-86Practjc4: ,Using'mod;ifiers......

Articles

',.;'..87- or

PREPOSITIONS

1 Pand conj notions... 884'Prepositions andcase,.,o.., .''89 .,PracticeThe objective case in prepositional phr ses...,.:... '90 ,91-94

Idiomatic C4phrases

TIMESAVERS!

CONJUNCTIONS

Definition and types-

Practite in using. conjunctions

INTERJECTIONSP

95-10b

301-102

VENTURE INTO V RBALS

O

The infinitive.and its

uses104-105. Subjects, objects, and complements of:the Infinitive105

The gerund and-its uses

106 -107106Splitting the infinitive

The participle-.

,..107,

Practice:

Recognizing gerunds, participles, and infinitives... 108. Use of the possessive pronoun preceding the gerund '109 -°

PracticeC*1

11,

TRAFFIC SIGNS AND.

SIGNALS

.PunctuatiQn principles

Practice: -ComasPage No.

113-119

120

Practice:

Punctuationand capitilization121

Abbreviations

.12271125c24

Practice:

HyphenationUV-

/126-1"28

Numerals

Practice:

Dealing with numbers129

Practice:, An Ehglish usage and punctuation* 'checkup ... . . 130

PA Comedy of Errors" by Maxwell Abrnberg

131-134

a. -SENTENCE ENGINEERING

Phrases

-2,135-137

Clauses

137 -144

Sentences

,Practice,)148-149-

So You Write

1.150 -1.51

BETTER -PARAGRAPHS

Definition of a paragraph, the topic sentence, and the{ controlling idea 152

Exercise in paragraph unity

,153,

Coherence in paragraphs

,Transitional. words and echo words153-Y54

Practicev, Organize the paragraph

155
;vParallelism4156e .

STYLE.

Hints for improving your style of writing

157

Colloquialisms

158

Practice:

Parallel construction159-160-

Editing Problems and. Case Studies

0160a-160o-

WORDS -FRAGILE-HANDLE WITH CARE

Learn to use the dictionary

161

Word usage and.abusage

'*.,..162 "Even Your Best Friend, Won't Till You" by Maxwell Nurnberg., 163

Practice in word usage '.

4.164-165

iii 6

STOP! LOOK! LISTEN!

Page No.

Spelling--the 1E, EI rules

166-167

Final Y rules,'167468

FiniIrrules

168-169

Double final consonant-rule

169-170

Additional notes

...,.,,,170i'"

Prefixes and suffixes........ .

Preferred and difficult spellings of words.taken from'the

GPO Style Manual

1711172

Suffixes ABLE and IB1E

172,

CEED; CEDEar SEUL"

.....173

The-neWil vowel

17k 4

BIBLIOGRAPHY

k

IV174-175-

"Grammar,

INTRODUCTION.

which knows how\tO, control eiten_kings.,!.

Les: Femmes Savantes (1672)/

Act,II,.Scene'6

What is grammar?

Grammar is theostudy of the way a language-js

used GraMmar comeS'AftO.a system of language has been ettab-. :lished; In otherwords, gramMar it simply structure or a study.

Of the way a language. works

The Ehglish language has more native speakersthan any other language in the world except Chinese.

English is a require4

language in nearly every school system 'In the world.

Since2

language, changes consthntly, it does not die.

As James Donald

Adams wrote, in the Magic Mystery of Words', "Language is like quicksilyer or alchemy, changfng baser metats.to better, and vice versa.'; 1 I z

PATS-OF SPEECH

Every word..in the EngLish language must perform one of five functionS: naming, asserting, modifying, connecting, ex- claiming. g. The naming words are called nouns and pronouns; the, asserting words, verbs; the modifying words, adjectives and adverbs; the connecting words, preRositions.and conjunctions; the exclaiming words. interjections.' Examine carefully the following sentence from Shakespeare's

Hamlet:

il "0;:that this too too solid flesh wou idielt,

Thaw, and resoive itself into,a.dewl'

In.-ifhis sentence all eight parts of speech ail illustrated.

Nouns :

flesh, dew.

Pronoun:

itself.A .Verbs: would, melt, thaw, resolve:

Adjectives:this, solid,

Adverbs:

too, too.

Preposition:into.

Conjunctions.: 'that, and.

Interjection:0.N.

At first glance, some words seem to belong to certain parts of speech and to no others.

Some of them, however, are interchangeable.

We can never be too sure of the classification of a word until we understand its use in a sentence.

A student who has a real

knowledge of, grammar will achieve it "by note" rather. than "by. ' ear."He will bable not. only to use correct English, but to tell why every expression he writes is correct.

Understdtding the

"why's" of English is one objectiAre UWorkshop in Effective English" aims to achieve:

CLASSIFICATION OF.PARTS OF SPEECH 'BY FORM

THE COMPLETE PICTURE

Nouns,

(name words)4.

Pronouns.

(substitutes)"

Adjectives

fr

Pre Ositions

ClauseVerbs

(action wordskey words)

Adverbs

- Information words \k, or modifiers, giving details.

Conjunctions - Connecting words,

'making shOrt cuts in thought. A clause is a group of related words containing a subject and 0a predicate.

Phrase

A phrase is a grovp,of related words without a subject and predicate used as, a uoun, adjective, adverb, or verb. 3. v O A)

Dear Mr. Jansen:LETTERS:FOR APPRAISAL

In reply to 'your better of April 8, 19XX,: we are. enclosing fo SF 95 "ClitiOi for iDamage or Injury" forms for subMisSion of a claim of alleged'd4mages to your car. It is requested'these forms be executed on both sides and re4rned to this office In triplicate.The extra copy is your records. Upon receipt of your claim, properly execdted, toget r the necessary supporting evidence, an investigatory epor will be made and forwarded with the claim to the S licit° ' an administrative determination.A.

You Will be notified by that office-of the So

B)Dear Mr.. Doe:icitors 0 cision:

Sincer ly yours,

Thank you forsendingus anapplit/catiori for employMent.h The 'types of positions for which you are eligible reau a personarinterxiew and appTopriate tests which must min advance., if 5iou will let' us know When you plan to Washitigton,we will be pleaseetoAake the, necessary a

Sincerely yours,

Mr. John C. Doe

1234 43rd Street'

Anywhere, Anycity

.0000d"re e scheduled e in rangements. 'Anna Joseph

Placement Officer

CY

Dear Miss'

.The President has asked meUto acknowledge the receipt,oafyour letter to him concerning the : Project. As the news media have reported, the President'andhis expert advisers have under_consideratiqn many suggestionsfor reducing "non-military expenditures. f appreciate the spit it of patriotism which, 'am confident, prOmpteyou to write to th ,President.quotesdbs_dbs8.pdfusesText_14