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WCET Analysis in Shared Resources Real-Time Systems with TDMA
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WCET Analysis in Shared Resources Real-Time Systems with TDMA Buses
Hamza Rihani
Univ. Grenoble Alpes
F-38000 Grenoble, France
CNRS, VERIMAG, F-38000
Grenoble, Francehamza.rihani@imag.frMatthieu Moy
Univ. Grenoble Alpes
F-38000 Grenoble, France
CNRS, VERIMAG, F-38000
Grenoble, Francematthieu.moy@imag.frClaire Maiza
Univ. Grenoble Alpes
F-38000 Grenoble, France
CNRS, VERIMAG, F-38000
Grenoble, Franceclaire.maiza@imag.fr
Sebastian Altmeyer
University of Luxembourg
Luxembourg
sebastian.altmeyer@uni.lu ABSTRACTPredictability is an important aspect in real-time and safety- critical systems, where non-functional properties { such as the timing behavior { have high impact on the system cor- rectness. As many safety-critical systems have a growing performance demand, simple, but outdated architectures are not sucient anymore. Instead, multi-core systems are more and more popular, even in the real-time domain. To combine the performance benets of a multi-core architecture with the required predictability, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) buses are often advocated. In this paper, we are in- terested in accesses to shared resources in such environments. Our approach uses SMT (Satisability Modulo Theory) to encode the semantics and execution time of the analyzed program in an environment with shared resources. We use an SMT-solver to nd a solution that corresponds to the execution path with correct semantics and maximal execu- tion time. We propose to model a shared bus with TDMA arbitration policy. Using examples, we show how the WCET estimation is enhanced by combining the semantics and the shared bus analysis in SMT.1. INTRODUCTION
Time matters in safety-critical real-time systems. The predictability of these systems is needed in order to guaran- tee certain security and safety requirements. Determining Worst-Case Execution Times (WCET) has been the focus of research in the eld of embedded systems. Static analy- sis methods have been developed to provide safe bound on the WCET. The challenge remains in improving the pes- simistic approaches that over-estimate the execution time of the analyzed program as well as the analysis time. An example of such an approach is the Implicit Path Enumer- ation Technique (IPET). IPET relies on methods such as Constraint Solving or Integer Linear Programming (ILP). However, the initial version of this approach does not exclude some `obvious' infeasible paths in a program, leading to an over-estimation on the WCET. Algorithm 1 illustrates this situation.1 This work has been funded by grant CAPACITE (PIA-FSN2nP3425-146798) from the FrenchMinistere de l'economie,des nances et de l'industrie.Algorithm 1Example of mutually exclusive paths1:LO AD. ..( 1)
2: .. ./ *3 c ycles* /( 2)