Environmental changes in coastal zones

LIENS, La Rochelle ; 5 CREOEAN, La rochelle ; 6 SHOM, Brest ; 7 CERFACS, Toulouse + many other collaborators Mapping of coastal vulnerability in La Reunion and

International Symposium and Exhibition on Natural Dyes

Post-doctoral position at IPSL/LSCE Location: IPSL

Menkes (IPSL/LOCEAN) and STORISK partners (LIENS, La Rochelle, IDDRI, Paris, BRGM,Orléans, and GEOPHENS, Caen) Application : CV and motivation letter should be sent to Pascale Braconnot, no later than January 3,

AXE 2: Diversité, dynamique et fonctionnement des écosystèmes

C Dupuy (LIENS, La Rochelle) P Bocher (LIENS, La Rochelle) A Leynaert (LEMAR, Brest) G Thouzeau (LEMAR, Brest) F Gilbert (Ecolab Toulouse) G Thouzeau (Lemar, Brest) P Bonin (Mio, Marseille) J Grall (LEMAR, Brest) A Gardel (CNRS Guyane) S Lesourd (M2C Univ Caen) R Walcker (Ecolab, Toulouse) S Orseau (CNRS GUyane)

) on the western coasts of France

Charente (La Rochelle and Rochefort), Elorn (Brest), Morlaix (Roscoff) and Bay of Seine (Le Havre) However, other records could be explained by the transport of shrimps or larvae by currents For example, we assume that the presence of P macrodactylus in Arcachon Bay is independent of human activities Adults or

SALON DATA - teamopendataorg

La démarche « La Rochelle open data » La Rochelle a été pionnière dès 2012 Elle est adhérente de l’assoiation Open Data France La Rochelle participe au projet Open Data Locale, expérimentation relative à la partie « données ouvertes » inscrite dans la loi pour une République Numérique (LNR)

A propos des liens entre arbre de décision et treillis

A propos des liens entre arbre de décision et treillis dichotomique Karell Bertet 1 – Stéphanie Guillas 1 – Muriel Visani 1 – Jean-Marc Ogier 1 Laboratoire L3I - Univ La Rochelle - av M

LIENS UTILES A partir de 18 mois, Est-ce que votre enfant

LIENS UTILES M-CHAT-R (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised) Ou l d’évalua on perme ant de détecter chez des jeunes enfants des risques de TED (troubles envahissants du développement) appelés aussi TSA (Troubles du spectre au s que) CAMSP Centre d’Action Médico-Sociale Précoce de La Rochelle

[PDF] liens synonyme

[PDF] Lier deux phrases

[PDF] Lier gravitation et production d'énergie à faire dans l'urgence !

[PDF] Lier la couleur d'un objet et la lumière

[PDF] lieu commencant par d

[PDF] lieu commun romanesque français

[PDF] lieu d'un voyage et raison

[PDF] lieu d'apparition du jazz

[PDF] lieu d'origine definition

[PDF] lieu d'origine des noms de famille

[PDF] lieu d'origine suisse

[PDF] lieu d'origine synonyme

[PDF] lieu de colonisation par les plante

[PDF] lieu de formation des plaques lithosphériques

[PDF] lieu de point (vecteur)

Environmental changes in coastal zones :

Impact of sea level rise

A. Cazenave1, G. Le Cozannet2, D. Salas y Mélia3, G. Woppelmann4, P. Walker5, R. Provost6, P. Rogel7

1.LEGOS, Toulouse ; 2. BRGM, Orléans ; 3. CNRM-GAME, Toulouse ; 4. LIENS, La

Rochelle ; 5. CREOEAN, La rochelle ; 6. SHOM, Brest ; 7. CERFACS, Toulouse + many other collaborators 2

Coastal erosion worldwide

According to Bird (1987),

70% of the world beaches

are in erosion

But lack of information

in many regions

No robust conclusion

available at global scale

Eric C.F. Bird

Marine Pollution Bulletin, 18 (4), 1987

France Cliffs Beaches Muddy

Shorelines

Accretion - 11 % 49 %

Stability

65 % 46 % 35 %

Erosion

24 % 41 % 12 %

No data

11 % 2 % 4 %

Total

3300 km 2500 km 1000 km

Source: Erosion, 2004

Coastal erosion in France

Main causes of coastal erosion"B

Natural processes

Source of figure : BRGM

Human activities

Source of figure : BRGM

Question :

Is current sea level rise responsible for coastal erosion? AEobjective of the " CECILE » projet funded by ANR (2010-2013)

7 partners (BRGM, CERFACS, CNRM, CREAOCEAN, LEGOS,

LIENSs, SHOM)

Global mean sea level evolution (1993-2015)

Rate of sea level rise (1993-2015)

3.3 +/- 0.4 mm/yr

Land waters

Source : LEGOS

Tide gauges

1.7 +/- 0.3 mm/yr

20th Century

Altimeter satellites

Observed global mean sea level rise since 1900

3.3 +/- 0.4 mm/yr

since 1993

Source : LEGOS

Components of the global mean sea level rise:

- Ocean warming (thermal expansion)AE steric sea level - Land ice melt - Exchange of water with continental reservoirs

From Cazenave and Le Cozannet, 2014

37%
Ocean warming 13%

Thermal Exp

Land Ice

Land Waters

50%

Causes of the global mean sea level rise

(altimetry era: last 2 decades) Individual contributions (in % of the observed rate of rise)

Land ice melt

IPCC AR5

Land waters 12

Sea level rise is not uniform!

Rates of sea level rise from satellite altimetry (1993-2014)

Source : LEGOS

Question:

Do we observe differences in coastal evolution

depending on the regional rate of sea level rise?

Total relative sea level rise at a given location

Global mean sea level rise

(anthropogenic global warming)

Regional variability

(natural /internal climate variability)

Vertical land motion

(Oil and groundwater pumping, sediment load, tectonism, volcanism, post-glacial rebound)

Climatic

component

Vertical land motions

AE New global GPS solution for estimating vertical land motions Regional variability in the rate of sea level rise prior to the satellite altimetry era AE 2-D past sea level reconstruction over the 1950-2010 time span

Meyssignac et al., 2012

Total relative sea level rise (mm/yr) 1950-2010

Becker et al., 2012, Palanisamy et al, 2013, 2014, 2015, Peng et al. 2013 AEClimate-related sea level rise + vertical land motion estimated by GPS

Garcin et al., 2011, Yates et al., 2013

Atolls

Source of figure : BRGM

> 19

Yates et al., 2013; Le Cozannet et al., 2013

What is the impact of sea level rise on atoll erosion?

AE For the same sate of sea level rise,

either loss or gain of land is observed!

Yates et al., 2012, Le Cozannet et al., 2013

No data

> 20

Other studied sites

Yates et Le Cozannet, 2012; Bulteau et al., 2014;

Le Cozannet et al., 2014, Garcin et al:, 2011

Europe

Réunion

Island

New Caledonia

Regional variability in the rate of sea level rise (last 60 years)

Development of 2-D past sea level reconstruction Focus on vulnerable sites in the tropical Pacific, Indian Ocean and western Atlantic (Caribean

region) Attribution studies (is the observed regional variability due to anthropogenic forcing or internal climate variability?)

New estimates of vertical land motions

New GPS solution Use of InSAR for estimating land deformation in coastal cities (e.g., Alexandria, Egypt)

Studies of shoreline movements in overseas territories : Development of a new shoreline evolution data base for several atolls in Polynesia and New

Caledonia Studies of the role of sea level rise in Polynesia, New Caledonia, La Reunion, Europe Mapping of coastal vulnerability in La Reunion and Languedoc Roussillon

Study of uncertainties of the shoreline evolution (present and future) in Europe

Main results of the CECILE project

Conclusion; Part 1

Very different results about shoreline evolution from site to site Different coastal responses to the same rate of sea level rise For the recent past, in general sea level rise does NOT drive coastal erosion

Dominant influence of local factors

What about the future?

4 scenarios for future greenhouse gas emissions considered

by IPCC AR5 for the 21st century

RCP 2.6

RCP 4.5

4.5 Wm-2

RCP 6.0

RCP 8.5

8.5 Wm-2

Radiative forcing : an energy imbalance imposed on the climate system either externally or by human activities; ususally reported as a change in energy flux at the top of the atmosphere and expressed in unit of watts per square meters (Wm-2)

6.0 Wm-2

2.6 Wm-2

Observations

Projections

IPCC-AR5 projections of Global Mean Sea Level Rise during the 21st century under two warming scenarios

Sea Level Rise

Pessimistic

scenario (RCP 8.5)

Optimistic

scenario (RCP 2.6)

50 cm-100 cm

Ensemble mean projections of regional sea level rise by the end of the 21st century (regional variability due to non uniform thermal expansion & salinity + solid Earth effects ) metres

Global mean sea level rise

of 75 cm (high warming scenario) Sea level rise in Western Europe in 2100 from 2 French climate models RCP8.5 scenario (global mean sea level rise = 75 cm) cm

Institut Pierre Simon Laplace

MétéoFrance

Expected impacts of future sea level rise

-Stronger temporary flooding during extreme events -Permanent flooding in low coastal areas -Shoreline erosion -Shoreline retreat -Salt intrusion in coastal aquifers and estuaries -Damages on coastal defences -Negative impacts on coastal biodiversity -"BB Temporary flooding at Palavas-les-flots (Mediterranean coast) for + 35cm and +1m sea level rise (stormy conditions identical to the 1982 storm) m +35cm +1m

Work by R. Pedreros,

S. Lecacheux & C. Vinchon

(BRGM; ANR MISSEEVA)

Combined effect of storms and sea level rise

AE dominant cause of coastal erosion over the 21st century Shoreline retreat up to 15-20 m after a single event

Photo: M. Garcin, BRGM, 2010

Dune front before the storm

St Jean de Monts

8 m Shoreline retreat along the French Atlantic coast after the Xynthia storm (2010)

Olonne sur mer

Conclusion, Part 2

To anticipate negative impacts of future sea level rise and develop best adaptation strategies.....

1. Improve global mean sea level projections (e.g., reduce uncertainties in

ice sheet modelling)

2. Develop accurate sea level projections at the coast accounting for all

processes causing regional variability (thermal expansion & salinity changes, deformations of ocean basins due to ice-water mass redistribution)

3. Identify coastal zones at risk

4. Provide quantitative estimates of coastal impacts, accounting for : local relative sea level rise bathymetry/topography, geomorphology, geology exposition to waves and storms land use and land use change Sediment supply

5. Produce high-resolution maps of coastal risks, highlighting areas where

long-lived infrastructures must be avoided 32

Thanks for your attention

quotesdbs_dbs5.pdfusesText_10

[PDF] Environmental changes in coastal zones

Environmental changes in coastal zones :

Impact of sea level rise

1.LEGOS, Toulouse ; 2. BRGM, Orléans ; 3. CNRM-GAME, Toulouse ; 4. LIENS, La

Coastal erosion worldwide

According to Bird (1987),

70% of the world beaches

But lack of information

No robust conclusion

Eric C.F. Bird

Marine Pollution Bulletin, 18 (4), 1987

France Cliffs Beaches Muddy

Shorelines

Accretion - 11 % 49 %

Stability

65 % 46 % 35 %

Erosion

24 % 41 % 12 %

No data

11 % 2 % 4 %

3300 km 2500 km 1000 km

Source: Erosion, 2004

Coastal erosion in France

Main causes of coastal erosion"B

Natural processes

Source of figure : BRGM

Human activities

Source of figure : BRGM

Question :

7 partners (BRGM, CERFACS, CNRM, CREAOCEAN, LEGOS,

LIENSs, SHOM)

Global mean sea level evolution (1993-2015)

Rate of sea level rise (1993-2015)

3.3 +/- 0.4 mm/yr

Source : LEGOS

Tide gauges

1.7 +/- 0.3 mm/yr

20th Century

Altimeter satellites

Observed global mean sea level rise since 1900

3.3 +/- 0.4 mm/yr

Source : LEGOS

Components of the global mean sea level rise:

From Cazenave and Le Cozannet, 2014

Thermal Exp

Land Ice

Land Waters

Causes of the global mean sea level rise

Land ice melt

IPCC AR5

Sea level rise is not uniform!

Source : LEGOS

Question:

Do we observe differences in coastal evolution

Total relative sea level rise at a given location

Global mean sea level rise

Regional variability

Vertical land motion

Climatic

Vertical land motions

Meyssignac et al., 2012

Total relative sea level rise (mm/yr) 1950-2010

Garcin et al., 2011, Yates et al., 2013

Atolls

Source of figure : BRGM

Yates et al., 2013; Le Cozannet et al., 2013

AE For the same sate of sea level rise,

Yates et al., 2012, Le Cozannet et al., 2013

No data

Other studied sites

Yates et Le Cozannet, 2012; Bulteau et al., 2014;

Le Cozannet et al., 2014, Garcin et al:, 2011

Europe

Réunion

Island

New Caledonia

New estimates of vertical land motions

Main results of the CECILE project

Conclusion; Part 1

Dominant influence of local factors