20th c terms - UT School of Music
ostinato-- a clearly defined phrase (both rhythm and pitches) that repeats consistently throughout a passage or work palindrome-- language or music that is the same forwards as backwards SCALES: chromatic-- 12 note scale microtonal-- scales which include intervals smaller than a minor second
Baroque Terms - Western Michigan University
Ostinato: (called a "ground bass" in England) A sort, repeating melodic pattern in the bass Prima Pratica: (the "first practice") In the early 1600s, this was the term used to describe the "old style" of late Renaissance vocal counterpoint with its carefully-controlled use of dissonance (represented by the music of Palestrina)
EXHIBIT 8 - CourtListener
b As I noted in my report, an ostinato is “a fairly short melodic, rhythmic, or chordal pattern repeated continuously throughout a piece or section” (Oxford Companion to Music, 2002) c Ferrara excerpted the definition of ostinato from the Harvard Dictionary ofMusic (2003): “A short musical pattern that is repeated persistently throughout a
Ostinato – a brief history
https://ostinato Ostinato – a brief history Started 2007 Public launch Apr 2010 – v0 1 The BIG ONE-O Sep 2019 – v1 0 Lead developer-maintainer Side project
The Orchestra Rocks with Ostinato Focal Work: Steve Reich’s
The ostinato repeats throughout the entire piece • Listen to the ostinato • Invite students to clap it with you, using the Four Step Process An easy way of remembering the pattern is by adding numbers to it The way we’ll do it for LinkUP is notated on SG8 and as above • Now listen to the ostinato with the numbers
Elements of Music
Ostinato – Repeated pattern Sequence – Repeated pattern at a higher or lower pitch Riff/motif – A short, repeated pattern, often in the bass part Imitation – A section of music that is imitated by another part or instrument Pitch Names (treble, bass & alto clef) Sharp, flat and natural notes
Chord or Level Bordun Assignment - Teaching With Orff
The color part may not create a melodic ostinato Melodic ostinati come later in the curriculum 4 Add another rhythmic ostinato for an un-pitched percussion part that keeps the children from rushing the beat Place this part directly above the bordun part Strive for a different ostinato length than your bass part
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Dr. Barbara Murphy University of Tennessee School of Music TERMS AND CONCEPTS OF 20TH C. MUSIC GENERAL: ostinato -- a clearly defined phrase (both rhythm and pitches) that repeats consistently throughout a passage or work palindrome -- language or music that is the same forwards as backwards SCALES: chromatic -- 12 note scale microtonal -- scales which include intervals smaller than a minor second modes -- church modes (ionian, dorian, phrygian, lydian, mixolydian, aeolian, locrain) modes of limited transposition -- scales of 6-10 notes that have fewer than 12 transpositions without duplication of pitch-class content. octatonic -- 8 note scale; alternating whole and half steps pentatonic -- 5 note scale; 1,2,3,5,6 of the major scale whole-tone -- 6 note scale; all whole steps MELODY: elements of melodic organization -- inversion repetition return sequence Hauptstimme -- primary voice / line melody -- the horizontal aspect of music Nebenstimme -- secondary voice / line sequence (real and tonal) -- the immediate repetition of melodic or harmonic material at another pitch level; real = exact intervals used in the repetition, tonal = some intervals are changed stylistic features of 20th c. melodies -- assymetrical meters avoidance of traditional harmonic implications "emancipation of the dissonance" -- free treatment dissonances large leaps
less lyrical less regular phrase structure more chromaticism more expression marks more fragmented / angular unconventional rhythmic patterns / meters use of 12-tone technique use of pitch class cells wide range wider range of dynamics HARMONY added note chords (chords of addition) -- basic chords, such as triads, with added seconds, fourths, or sixths atonality -- music that has no perceivable tonal center bitonal -- a type of polytonality in which there are only 2 tonal centers chromatic mediant -- two chords / keys a third apart that have the same quality (major or minor) extended tertian sonorities ("tall" chords) -- 9th / 11th / 13th chords harmony -- the vertical aspect of music methods of establishing a tonal center -- accent dynamics ostinato pedal point register reiteration / repetition return mixed-interval chords -- a chord that combines 2 or more interval types (with their inversions / compounds) to form a complex sonority neotonality -- music that is tonal but in which the tonal center is established throughout nontraditional means; may be tertian and non-tertian open-fifth chord -- a traditional sonority that is transformed into something unusual by leaving out a note; in this case a triad without a third pandiatonicism -- a passage of music that uses only the tones of a single diatonic scale but oes not rely on traditional harmonic progressions and dissonance treatment to establish the tonal center parallelism / planing -- moving the same chord / interval in the same direction
polychords -- the combination of 2 or more chords into a complex sonority; the listener must be able to perceive 2 separate chords, not one larger ("tall") chord polytonality -- the simultaneous use of two or more aurally distinguishable tonal centers quartal / quintal chord -- chords built of the interval of a fourth or fifth; the fourth or fifth does not have to be perfect in quality; notation: 3x4 on B = 3 note quartal chord starting on B secundal chords -- chords built of seconds split note chords -- a chord in which one or more chord members are "split" by adding a note a minor second away; e.g., C-E-G-G# = C(5!) structural placement / formal placement of chords tone cluster -- secundal harmonies in which the notes are placed adjacent to one another whole-tone chord -- any chord whose members could be obtained from a single whole-tone scale RHYTHM: added values -- the addition of some note value to beats of a measure additive rhythm -- passages in which some short note value remains constant but is used in groups of predictably varying lengths ametric -- music in which there is no perceivable metric organization assymetrical meter -- usually, meters with 5 or 7 as the top number beat -- the basic pulse in music changing time signatures / mixed meter / variable meter / multimeter -- changing from one time signature to another complex meter -- a meter such as 4+2+3 / 8 compound beat -- division of the beat into 3 equal parts duple / triple / quadruple meter -- grouping of beats into 2s, 3s and 4s respectively fractional time signature -- a meter in which the top number includes or is a fraction isorythm -- the use of a rhythmic pattern that repeats throughout a passage or work; originated in 14th century motets measure -- one full unit of the meter meter -- the grouping of beats into larger units metric modulation (tempo modulation) -- the method of changing tempos precisely by making some note value in the first tempo equal to a different note value (or at least a different proportion of the beat) in the second tempo; used first by Elliott Carter nonretrogradable rhythm -- a rhythmic pattern that sounds the same whether played forward or backwards and so the retrograde version cannot be distinguished from the original version nontraditional time signatures -- meters using values other than 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 for the top number
polymeter -- the simultaneous use of 2 or more distinguishable time signatures at the same moment; they may have same time signature, but displaced different signatures with bar lines coinciding different signatures with bar lines not coinciding proportional notation -- music in which the actual duration of the notes is specified only by the placement of the notes within the measure; i.e., closer together = shorter note values, more spread apart = longer note values rhythm -- the organization of the time element in music serialized rhythm -- a musical passage or work in which the rhythmic aspects are controlled by some predetermined series of durations simple beat -- division of the beat into 2 equal parts syncopation -- any deliberate disturbance of the normal pulse of meter, accent or rhythm timed segments -- unmetered music which in measured in minutes and seconds, not beats
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