LaTeX Math Symbols

Math Definitions: Basic Operations Word Definition Examples Simplify To make as short as possible 5 + 3 4 can be simplified to 2 Evaluate To solve for a certain value 5x + 3 evaluated for x = 2 gives us 13 Plus (Add) To increase a number by another number (+) 5 plus 2 = 5 + 2 = 7 Sum The result of adding (+) two numbers

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(e g , the meaning and operations of whole numbers, including simple math facts and routine computational procedures associated with whole numbers and fractions) to deeper structures inherent in the discipline These deeper structures then serve as a means for connecting the particulars (such as an

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On the three sections of a math test, a student correctly answered the number of questions shown in the table above What percent of the questions on the entire test did the student answer correctly? A 20 B 48 C 75 D 80 E 96

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LaTeX Math Symbols

LaTeX Math Symbols The following tables are extracted from The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX2e, aka LaTeX2e in 90 minutes, by Tobias Oetiker, Hubert

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3/29/17, 10*20 AMLaTeX Math Symbols

Page 1 of 9http://www.math.ubc.ca/~cautis/tools/latexmath.html

LaTeX Math Symbols

The following tables are extracted from The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX2e, aka. LaTeX2e in 90 minutes, by Tobias Oetiker, Hubert

Partl, Irene Hyna, and Elisabeth Schlegl. It can be located here.

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Last modified: Wed May 31 14:04:55 CDT 2000

X Y -picUser'sGuide

Kristo!erH.R ose !krisrose@ens-lyon.fr"

Version3.7,February 16,1999

Abstract

X Y -picisapack agefort ypesetting graphsanddiagrams usingKnuth's T E

Xtyp esettingsystem.X

Y -picworkswith mostofthe manyformats available; e.g.,plainT E X, L A T E

X,andA

M S-T E

X.Severalstyles ofinputforvarious

diagramtyp esaresupported;theyallshareamnemonic notationbasedon thelogicalcomposition ofvisualcom- ponents.Thisguide concentrateson howto typeset "matrix-like"diagrams,suchascomm utativediagrams, inthefollo wingstyle: U y x (x,y)##X!ZY q p%% X f Yg Z wastypesetb ytheX Y -picinputlines \xymatrix{

U\ar@/_/[ddr]_y\ar@/^/[drr]^x

\ar@{.>}[dr]|-{(x,y)}\\ &X\times_Z Y\ar[d]^q\ar[r]_p &X\ar[d]_f \\ &Y\ar[r]^g &Z}

Suchdiagramshave thefollo wingcharacteristics:

•Specifiedasamatrixof entriesthat areautomati- callyalignedin rowsand columns. •Anyentrymaybe connectedtoanyother en- tryusinga variety ofarro wstylesallrotatedand stretchedasrequired. •Arrowsmaybedecoratedwith labelsthataretied toasp ecifiedpoin talongthearrow andextendin aparticulardirection; andarrows may bepaired, cross,andvisit/b endaroundother entries"onthe way." Severalotherstylesof inputare supported;ashortsurvey ofthep ossibilitiesisincluded lastattheendalong with informationonho wX Y -piccanbeobtained.

Preface2

1Basics 2

1.1Loading. ... .. ... ... ... ..2

1.2Entrie s........ ... ... .. ..2

1.3Arrows ...... ... ... ... .. .2

1.4Labe ls........ ... ... .. ..3

1.5Bre aks........ ... ... .. ..3

1.6Curving. ... ... ... ... .. ..4

1.7Spe edinguptypesetting.. ... ...4

2MoreA rrowsand Labels4

2.1Explicit labelpos itioning.......4

2.2Labe lingwithanyobject ... .....5

2.3Morearro wst yles.... ........5

2.4Slidingarro wsside ways.. ......6

2.5Moretarge ts.. ..... ... ... .6

2.6Changingthe target. ... ...... 7

2.7Arrows passingunder ......... 7

2.8Moreb endingarro ws....... ...8

2.9Defining newarrowtyp es.... ...8

3MoreEn tries9

3.1Manual entryformatting ........9

3.2Extrae ntries outsidethematrix...9

3.3Spacing androtation... ... ... .9

3.4Entry style.. ......... ... .10

3.5Naming forlateruse astargets ....10

3.6Groupingob jec ts........... .10

4Av ailabilityandFurtherInformation11

4.1Getting X

Y -pic.. ... .. ... ... .11

4.2Bac kwardscompatibility..... ...11

4.3Furthe rreading...... ...... .12

4.4Credits ..... ... ... ... ... .13

AAnsw erstoallexercises13

References14

Index15

Laboratoiredel'InformatiqueduP arall´elisme, EcoleNormaleSup ´erieure deLyon;46,All´eed'Italie;F-69364Lyon7, France.

Preface

Thisguidee xplainssom efeaturesof X

Y -picthatare relevanttotypesettingof"matrix-lik ediagrams "as usedin,forexample, cate gorytheory; pleasereferto therefe rencemanual[8]forcompleteinformationon thedes cribedconstructions.Theguideassumesthat youhaves omeexperiencein usingT E

Xfort ypes et-

tingmathe matics,e.g.,hav estudied[2,ch.16-19], [3, sec.3.3],or[9],andthatX Y -picisins talledon your T E

Xsys temasdescribedinthe INSTALLfileacc om-

panyingthedistribution.

Thefirst sectiondes cribeswhatyouneedto get

started,inparticularallthatis neede dtotypes et thediagramin theabstrac t.Se ction2 and3explain advanceduseofarrowsande ntries,res pec tively.Fi- nally,section 4explainswhereandunderwhatcondi- tionsX Y -picisa vailable, givestherelationofversion

3.7topre viousve rsions,andlis tsfurthersourcesof

information.

Throughoutwe giveexerc isesthatyou shouldbe

abletos olveas yougoalong;allexerc ises arean- sweredattheendjustpriortothere ferenc esand index.

1Basics

Thisse ctionexplainstheX

Y -diagramcons truction conceptsneededtoget startedwithtypesetting matrix-likediagrams.

1.1Loading

TheX Y -picse tupusedinthisguideis loadedbyin- sertingthelines \inputxy \xyoption{all} inthede finitionspartof yourdocume nt.1

Ifyou wish

toloadonly thefeature syou use, oryouwishtouse non-standardfacilitieslik ethev2backwardscompat- ibilitymode 2 orthepsPostScript 3 backendthen thisisals opos sibleasdes cribedinthereferencem an- ual[8].

1.2Entries

Adiagramis create db ythecommand

\xymatrix{...}wherethe"... "should bereplacedbyentriestobe alignedinrowsandcolumnswhere •entriesinarowarese paratedb y&, 4 and •entirerowsareseparate dby\\.

Forexample,

A m i=n i 2 D wastypes etby \xymatrix{

A&*+[F]{\sum_{i=n}^m{i^2}} \\

&{\bullet}& D\ar[ul]}

Noticethefollowing:

•entriesaretypeset asmathe matics(using"text style");entriesshouldnots tartwithamacro (asillustrate dbytheuseof{}around\bullet. •allen triesarecenteredandthe separation be- tweenrowsandcolumnsisusuallyquite large inadiagram , •emptyentriesatthee ndofrowsmaybeomit- ted, •"X Y -decorations"(here\ar[ul])ine ntries al- lowdrawingofarro wsandsuch relative tothe entrieswithoutchangingtheove ralllay out,and •"X Y -modifiers"(here*+[F])first inentriesal- lowchangingtheform atandshape inman y ways.

1.3Arrows

An"arrow" inanX

Y -picdiagramis agene ricte rm forthedra wndec orationsbetw eentheentriesof the basicmatrixstruc ture.InX Y -picallarro wsmus tbe specifiedalongwiththeentryinwhichthey start;this iscalle dtheirbaseentry.Each particulararrowcom - mandthenrefe rsexplicitlytoits targetentry.This isobtained usingthe\arcommandwhichaccepts manyoptionsofwhichwe willde scrib eafewhere andsom emoreinsection2. Initssimples tform an arrowisente red as\ar[hop]wherehopisas equenc e ofsingle letters:uforup,dfordown, lforleft, and rforright, e.g.,thearro w\ar[ur]reads"types etan arrowfromthecurre nt entry tothatoneupandone right." 1 L A T E X2 [3]userscan use\usepackage[all]{xy}. 2

Ifyou usetheversion2loading command\inputxypic(orthexypicdocumentstyleoption)thenthe v2optiondescribed in

section4.2will beloaded automatically. 3 PostScriptisaregistered Trademarkof Adobe, Inc.[1]. 4

ThuswhenusingX

Y -constructionsinv olving&insideothertabular constructionsthenenclose theX Y -picconstructionin anextra pairofbraces! 2

Exercise1:Whichentrydo es[]referto?

Therelativ ecoordinatesspec ifiedinthiswayare

purelylogical,e.g.,ifthe diagramcon tainsv erywide entriesthen"diagonal"arrowswillbe nearlyhorizon- tal.Thec onstructe darrowsarealignedalongtheline betweenthecentersofthebaseandtarget entrie s; theywillnotautomatic allydisapp ear underentries thatthey cross(wedis cusshowthisisac hievedin section2.7).

Thearrow stylekan bechangedbywritingthe

commandas\ar@style[hop].Thiswill bede sc ribed inmore detailinsec tion2.3;herewe justlis tthemost common@styles(obvious variationsalsow ork):

Exercise2:Typeset

quotesdbs_dbs47.pdfusesText_47

[PDF] LaTeX Math Symbols

3/29/17, 10*20 AMLaTeX Math Symbols

LaTeX Math Symbols

3/29/17, 10*20 AMLaTeX Math Symbols

3/29/17, 10*20 AMLaTeX Math Symbols

3/29/17, 10*20 AMLaTeX Math Symbols

3/29/17, 10*20 AMLaTeX Math Symbols

3/29/17, 10*20 AMLaTeX Math Symbols

3/29/17, 10*20 AMLaTeX Math Symbols

3/29/17, 10*20 AMLaTeX Math Symbols

3/29/17, 10*20 AMLaTeX Math Symbols

Last modified: Wed May 31 14:04:55 CDT 2000

Kristo!erH.R ose !krisrose@ens-lyon.fr"

Version3.7,February 16,1999

Abstract

Xtyp esettingsystem.X

X,andA

X.Severalstyles ofinputforvarious

U\ar@/_/[ddr]_y\ar@/^/[drr]^x

Suchdiagramshave thefollo wingcharacteristics:

Contents

Preface2

1Basics 2

1.1Loading. ... .. ... ... ... ..2

1.2Entrie s........ ... ... .. ..2

1.3Arrows ...... ... ... ... .. .2

1.4Labe ls........ ... ... .. ..3

1.5Bre aks........ ... ... .. ..3

1.6Curving. ... ... ... ... .. ..4

1.7Spe edinguptypesetting.. ... ...4

2MoreA rrowsand Labels4

2.1Explicit labelpos itioning.......4

2.2Labe lingwithanyobject ... .....5

2.3Morearro wst yles.... ........5

2.4Slidingarro wsside ways.. ......6

2.5Moretarge ts.. ..... ... ... .6

2.6Changingthe target. ... ...... 7

2.7Arrows passingunder ......... 7

2.8Moreb endingarro ws....... ...8

2.9Defining newarrowtyp es.... ...8

3MoreEn tries9

3.1Manual entryformatting ........9

3.2Extrae ntries outsidethematrix...9

3.3Spacing androtation... ... ... .9

3.4Entry style.. ......... ... .10

3.5Naming forlateruse astargets ....10

3.6Groupingob jec ts........... .10

4Av ailabilityandFurtherInformation11

4.1Getting X

4.2Bac kwardscompatibility..... ...11

4.3Furthe rreading...... ...... .12

4.4Credits ..... ... ... ... ... .13

AAnsw erstoallexercises13

References14

Index15

Preface

Thisguidee xplainssom efeaturesof X

Xfort ypes et-

Xsys temasdescribedinthe INSTALLfileacc om-

Thefirst sectiondes cribeswhatyouneedto get

3.7topre viousve rsions,andlis tsfurthersourcesof

Throughoutwe giveexerc isesthatyou shouldbe

1Basics

Thisse ctionexplainstheX

1.1Loading

Ifyou wish

1.2Entries

Adiagramis create db ythecommand

Forexample,

A&*+[F]{\sum_{i=n}^m{i^2}} \\

Noticethefollowing:

1.3Arrows

An"arrow" inanX

ThuswhenusingX

Exercise1:Whichentrydo es[]referto?

Therelativ ecoordinatesspec ifiedinthiswayare

Thearrow stylekan bechangedbywritingthe

Exercise2:Typeset