Absorbed Fractions for Multi-Region Models of the - IRPA
Absorbed Fractions for Multi-Region Models of the Kidneys in ICRP/ICRU Voxel Phantoms Sakae KINASE*, Masanori KIMURA, Shogo TAKAHARA and Toshimitsu HOMMA *2-4 Shirane, Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan Kidney dosimetry is indispensable in internal dose evaluations since the kidneys appear to represent
IRPA Statement on Reasonableness in Optimisation of Protection
IRPA’s view is that at small fractions of a dose limit, or significantly below reference levels, there should be no ‘a priori’ expectation of dose reduction measures or formal demonstration of ALARA However, it would still be reasonable to implement actions arising from stakeholder engagement
F A voXel - IPEN
Female specific absorbed fractions 1 0E-08 1 0E-07 1 0E-06 1 0E-05 1 0E-04 0 01 0 1 1 10 Photon Energy (MeV) S p e c i f i c a b s o r b e d f r a c t i o n (1 / g) ADAM AD M 4 MAXHOM MAX Source organ: Liver Stomach FIG 3a Male specific absorbed fractions
Exemption and Clearance
Roger Coates, IRPA President 1 Sumof fractions 1 2 - 2 e) Activitydistribution 2 - 5 CumulativeImpact (Range) 33 - 1125 Typical CumulativeImpact 100 - 1000
The Boice Report 5
in October 2016 and ICRP Publication 133, The IRPA Computational Framework for Internal Dose Assessment for Reference Adults: Specific Absorbed Fractions In conjunction with the CSRP, a symposium was held including an overview on each of the five ICRP committees and excellent summaries of Chinese issues in radiation protection Hopefully,
Organ dose measurement in x-ray CT and other diagnostic
Weight fractions for red bone marrow and bone minerals are listed in ICRP Publication 70 [16], the parts of which we used for the organ dose evaluation are shown in Table 2 In the present study since human torso phantom was used the data of weight fractions of red bone marrow and bone minerals in the positions of head,
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
Malaysia Sabah (UMS) Research funding in the form of IRPA 06-02-02-001BTK-ER-015(1) (UMS 95500-37 awarded to Prof Dr Mashitah M Yusoff) is also gratefully acknowledged Both of these funds have enabled me to complete this study without financial difficulty A very special thanks to the School of Food science & nutrition
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BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF FREE
RADICAL SCAVENGING AND
ANTIOXIDATIVE FLAVONOID FROM
ZINGIBER OTTENSII (ZINGIBERACEAE)
NARANSA LIMPOT
PERPUSTAK4AN
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SP.I?-!l4
THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NATURAL
PRODUCT CHEMISTRY
INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND
CONSERVATION
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
2006-:UMS
SA R , \\ UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
Judul:
Ijazah:
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESISo
BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF FREE RADICAL
SCAVENGING AND ANTIOXIDATIVE FLAVONOID FROM
ZINGIBER OrrENSII(Z1NGIBERACEAE)
SARlANA SAINS (KIMIA HASILAN SEMULAlADI)
Sessi Pengajian: 2003-2006
Saya Naransa Umpot mengaku membenarkan tesis sarjana disimpan di perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Sabah dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:1. Tesis adalah hak milik Universiti Malaysia Sabah
2. Perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Sabah dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk
tujuan pengajian sahaja3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran
antara institusi pengajian tinggi. 4. ndak terhad.Alamat tetap:
Peti surat 308,
89058,
Kudat,
Sabah, Malaysia.
Tarikh: 22 Jun 2006
Pthr "" ...
Disahkan oleh
UNIVERSITI M
(Penyelia:P Dr Mashitah MOYUsoff) CATATAN: Tesis@ dimaksudkan sebagai tesis Doktor Falsafah atau Sarjana secara penyelidikan atau disertasi bagi pengajian secara kerja khusus dan penyelidikan atau laporan Projek Sarjana Muda UMSUNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
11DECLARATION
The materials in this thesis are original except for quotation, excerpts, summaries and references, which have been duly acknowledged.NARANSA UMPOT
PS03-00S-012
2nd JUNE 2006
UMSUNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
IIIACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Mashitah M. Yusoff for her dedication, fruitful suggestions, constructive comments and excellent supervision throughout this study.Next, I would like to thank to the Ministry
of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia for the research grant awarded to me through Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). Research funding in the form of IRPA 06-02-02-001BTK-ER-015(1)
(UMS 95500-37 awarded to Prof. Dr. Mashitah M. Yusoff) is also gratefully acknowledged. Both of these funds have enabled me to complete this study without financial difficulty. A very special thanks to the School of Food science & nutrition (UMS) for allowing me use of instruments. I am grateful to my family and friends for their continued support through difficult times during this undertaking. UMSUNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
ABSTRAK
PEMENCILAN MELALUI BIOCERAKINAN UNTUK PELEKATAN
RADIKAL BEBAS AND ANTIOKSIDAN FLAVONOID DARIPADA
ZINGIBER OTTENSII(ZINGIBERACEAE)
Biocerakinan terhadap fraksi mengunakan 2,2-diphenyl-l picrylhydrazyl telah dijalankan terhadap rizom dan daun Zingiber ottensii untuk pemencilan and pengenalpastian kompoun yang menunjukkan aktiviti bioaktif secara pelekatan radikal bebas dan antioksidan yang hadir dalam ekstrak meta no!. kompoun aktif yang dipencilkan dikenalpasti menggunakan kaedah spektroskopi sebagai kuersetin-3-D-ramnosilglucosida. Kandungan keseluruhan kompoun aktif setara dengan kuersetin juga telah dikira secara kuantitatif dan didapati bahawa kandungan kuersetin dalam rizom lebih banyak berbanding daun.Rizom juga didapati mengadungi 60% gula
berdasarkan berat keringnya dan dikenalpasti dengan menggunakan Reagen Bial's sebagai heksos dan pentos. Penemuan Inl menyumbang kepada kajian pertama kalinya terhadap kelompok halia kerana ulasan perpustakaan terhadapnya belum wujud. Ujian autoksidasi f3-carotene juga telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kebolehan kompoun yang dipencilkan untuk menghalang oksidasi lipid. Didapati bahawa kompoun ini adalah sama aktif berbanding antioksidan sintetik,BHT, dan lebih aktif berbanding dengan aglaikon
kuersetin. Walaupun kuersetin telah diketahui sebagai pelekat radikal dan penghalang oksidasi lipid yang sangat baik, inilah kali pertama kompoun ini dikesan dalam Z ottensii. IV UMSUNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
ABSTRACT
BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLA TTON OF FREE RADICAL
SCAVENGING AND ANTTOXIDA TIVE FLA VONOID FROM
ZINGIBER OTTENSII (ZINGIBERACEAE)
Bioassay-guided fractionation by 2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl has been conducted for rhizomes and leaves of Zingiber ottensii to isolate and elucidate the bioactive compound that possess free radical scavenging and antioxidative activities present in the methanol extract. The isolated active compound was identified by means of spectroscopic methods as quercetin-3-0-rhamnosylglucoside. The total content of the active compound in equivalence to quercetin was also quantified and found that the quercetin content was more in rhizomes compared to the leaves. The rhizomes were also found to contain sugars which contributed60% of the dry weight and was
identified by using Bial's Reagent as hexoses and pentoses. This finding can contribute towards the novel study in gingers since there is a void in the present literature on the subject.The autoxidation of
fJ-carotene was also tested in effort to investigate the ability of the isolated compound toward inhibition of lipid peroxidation. It was found that this compound was as active as the synthetic antioxidant, BHT, and was more active than the corresponding quercetin aglycone. Eventhough, quercetin has been known as an excellent radical scavenger and inhibit lipid peroxidation, this is the first time this compound was detected inZ. ottensii.
v UMSUNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
VIABBREVIATIONS
Abs Absorption
ACCase
Acetyl Co-A carboxyligase
2, 2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid
BHAButylated Hydroxyanisol
BHTButylated Hydroxytoluene
CHSChalcone synthase
DNADeoxyribonucleic acid
DPPH-2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl
EDso Dose of sample required to effect 50% of organism under studyHCI Hydrochloric acid
HPLCHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography
IC 50Concentration of sample required to inhibit 50% of oxidation