• Binding a variable in Python means setting a name to hold a reference to some object • Assignment creates references, not copies • Names in Python do not have an intrinsic type Objects have types • Python determines the type of the reference automatically based on the data object assigned to it
Python for NETis a package which provides near seamless integration of a natively installed Python installation with the NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) This is the inverse approach to that taken by IronPython (see above),
Hands-on Python Tutorial, Release 2 0 1 1 2Why Python There are many high-level languages The language you will be learning is Python Python is one of the easiest languages to learn and use, while at the same time being very powerful: It is one of the most used languages by highly productive professional programmers Also Python is a free
3 Every assignment will be in its own Python File To do this, right-click on the directory created in the previous step (called Hello World 1) and select New Python File The name of the Python File will be the same as the name of the assignment Compiling and executing programs When a new Python File is created, it is called a skeleton; an
described in the Python Library Reference For an informal introduction to the language, see the Python Tutorial For C or C++ programmers, two additional manuals exist: Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter describes the high-level picture of how to write a Python extension module, and thePython/C API Reference Manual describes the
Jan 22, 2021 · This chapter will get you up and running with Python, from downloading it to writing simple programs 1 1 Installing Python Go towww python organd download the latest version of Python (version 3 5 as of this writing) It should be painless to install If you have a Mac or Linux, you may already have Python on your
Department of Engineering Science 1 3 Lab 3 –Ver 4 Introduction to Python F Farahmand 10/26/2019 3 Python IDEs and Editors To install Geany run the following and follow the instruction in [2]:
6 Instruction Installation Manual - Python® Vacuum Insulated Pipe Receiving & Inspection 1 Inspect all pipes to ensure no shipping damage has occurred If any section of pipe is damaged or missing contact the shipping carrier and Chart immediately 2 Set up clamps, hangers, and/or rollers to the designed layout
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Introduction to Python Programming
Course Notes
Phil Spector
Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley
March 16, 2005
2
Contents
1 Introduction 7
1.1 What is Python? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 The very Basics of Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3 Invoking Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Basic Principles of Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4.1 Basic Core Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4.2 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4.3 Object Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4.4 Namespaces and Variable Scoping . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.4.5 Exception Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2 String Data 17
2.1 String Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2 Special Characters and Raw Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3 Unicode Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4 String Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4.1 Concatenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4.2 Repetition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.3 Indexing and Slicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.4 Functions and Methods for Character Strings . . . . . 23
3 Numeric Data 29
3.1 Types of Numeric Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.1.1 Hexadecimal and Octal Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.1.2 Numeric Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.1.3 Functions for Numeric Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.2 Conversion of Scalar Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3
4CONTENTS
4 Lists, Tuples and Dictionaries 37
4.1 List Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.2 List Indexing and Slicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.3 List Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3.1 Concatenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3.2 Repetition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.3.3 Theinoperator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.4 Functions and Methods for Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.5 Tuple Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.6 Operators and Indexing for Tuples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.7 Functions and Methods for Tuples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.8 Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.9 Functions and Methods for Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5 Input and Output 55
5.1 Theprintcommand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.2 Formatting Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.3 Using Names in Format Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.4 File Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.4.1 Methods for Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.4.2 Methods for Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.4.3 "Printing" to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.4.4 Other Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.4.5 File Object Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.5 Standard Input and Output Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5.6 Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6 Programming 67
6.1 Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.2 Indentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.3 Truth, Falsehood and Logical Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.4ifstatement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.5forloops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.6forloops and therangefunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
6.7whileloops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6.8 Control in Loops:breakandcontinue. . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.9 List Comprehensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
CONTENTS5
7 Functions 87
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
7.2 Scoping: How Python finds your variables . . . . . . . . . . . 88
7.3 Function Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
7.4 Named Arguments and Default Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
7.5 Variable Number of Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7.6 Functional Programming, and anonymous functions . . . . . . 98
8 Using Modules 103
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
8.2 Namespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
8.3 Functions for working with modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
8.4 Thestringmodule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
8.4.1 String Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
8.4.2 Functions in thestringmodule . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
8.5 Theremodule: Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
8.5.1 Introduction to Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . 109
8.5.2 Constructing Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
8.5.3 Compiling Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
8.5.4 Finding Regular Expression Matches . . . . . . . . . . 111
8.5.5 Tagging in Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
8.5.6 Using Named Groups for Tagging . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
8.5.7 Greediness of Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
8.5.8 Multiple Matches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
8.5.9 Substitutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
8.6 Operating System Services:osandshutilmodules . . . . . . 121
8.7 Expansion of Filename wildcards - theglobmodule . . . . . . 125
8.8 Information about your Python session - thesysmodule . . . 126
8.9 Copying: thecopymodule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
8.10 Object Persistence: thepickle/cPickleandshelvemodules 128
8.10.1 Pickling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
8.10.2 Theshelvemodule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
8.11 CGI (Common Gateway Interface): thecgimodule . . . . . . 131
8.11.1 Introduction to CGI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
8.11.2 Security Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
8.11.3 CGI Environmental Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
8.12 Accessing Documents on the Web: theurllibmodule . . . . 135
6CONTENTS
9 Exceptions 139
9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
9.2 Tracebacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
9.3 Dealing with Multiple Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
9.4 The Exception Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
9.5 Raising Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
10 Writing Modules 147
10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
10.2 An Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
10.3 Test Programs for Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
10.4 Classes and Object Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . . . 151
10.5 Operator Overloading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
10.6 Private Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
10.7 A First Example of Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
10.8 Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
10.9 Adding Methods to the Basic Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
10.10Iterators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 What is Python?
Python is a high-level scripting language which can be used for a wide variety of text processing, system administration and internet-related tasks. Unlike many similar languages, it"s core language is very small and easy to mas- ter, while allowing the addition of modules to perform a virtually limitless variety of tasks. Python is a true object-oriented language, and is available on a wide variety of platforms. There"s even a python interpreter written entirely in Java, further enhancing python"s position as an excellent solutionquotesdbs_dbs2.pdfusesText_2
Introduction to Python - Harvard University