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2016 Science and Technology Engineering Framework
Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for Science and Technology/Engineering 3 Acknowledgments The 2016 Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework is the result of the contributions of many educators across the state Because of the broad-based, participatory nature of
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Massachusetts
Curriculum
Framework
2016SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
ENGINEERING
Grades Pre
Kindergarten to 12
Massachusetts
Curriculum
Framework
2016This document was prepared by the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education Board of Elementary and Secondary Education Members
Mr. Paul Sagan, Chair, Cambridge
Mr. James Morton, Vice Chair, Boston
Ms. Katherine Craven, Brookline
Dr. Edward Doherty, Hyde Park
Ms. Amanda Fernandez, Belmont
Ms. Margaret McKenna, Boston Mr. Michael Moriarty, HolyokeMr. James Peyser, Secretary of Education, Milton
Ms. Mary Ann Stewart, Lexington
Dr. Martin West, Newton
Ms. Hannah Trimarchi, Chair, Student Advisory
Council, Marblehead
Mitchell D. Chester, Ed.D., Commissioner and Secretary to the BoardThe Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, an affirmative action employer, is
committed to ensuring that all of its programs and facilities are accessible to all members of the public. We do
not discriminate on the basis of age, color, disability, national origin, race, religion, sex, or sexual orientation.
Inquiries regarding the Department"s compliance with Title IX and other civil rights laws may be directed to
the Human Resources Director,75 Pleasant
St., Malden, MA, 02148, 781
3386105.
© 2019 Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education.
Permission is hereby granted to copy any or all parts of this document for non-commercial educational
purposes. Please credit the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and SecondaryEducation."
Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education75 Pleasant Street, Malden, MA 02148
4906Phone 781-338-3000 TTY: N.E.T. Relay 800-439-2370
www.doe.mass.eduMassachusetts Department of
Elementary and Secondary Education
75 Pleasant Street, Malden, Massachusetts 02148-4906
Dear Colleagues:
I am pleased to present to you the 2016 Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering (STE) Curriculum
Framework. This Framework articulates statewide guidelines for STE learning, teaching, and assessment for the
Commonwealth's public schools.
To prepare students for success in college, career, and civic life, the 2016 STE standards emphasize the need for
student engagement, relevance, rigor, and coherence in curriculum and instruction. The standards: Focus on conceptual understanding and application of concepts. Integrate disciplinary core ideas and practices to reflect the discipline of science. Present coherent progressions of STE core ideas and practices from pre-K to high school. Include each discipline in grade-level standards pre-K to grade 8. Contribute to preparation for post-secondary success in college and careers. Coordinate with the English Language Arts (ELA) and Mathematics standards.The 2016 STE standards maintain much of the content of our prior STE standards with updates to reflect changes
identified by the field, changes in science and engineering over the past 15 years, and the addition of inquiry and
design skills that students need to successfully engage in this discipline in pre-K-12 classrooms, civic life, and
post-secondary opportunities. The 2016 STE standards strengthen the often-lauded standards Massachusetts has
relied on since 1996.I would like to thank all of the individuals and groups that provided input, reviewed comments, and suggested
edits to the standards, as well as those who contributed to the sections of theFramework. This effort included
many representatives from across the state. The Department of Early Education and Care (EEC) and theDepartment of Higher Education (DHE) were key collaborators to ensure a coherent perspective for all students.
I am grateful for the dedication and expertise of all the educators, professionals, scholars, and other participants
who engaged with the Department in this endeavor.I believe a strong understanding of science and technology/engineering is critical for every student in the
Commonwealth. Every student must understand the world around them and be abl e to apply analytical and innovative thinking to complex problems they will face in civic and career contexts. ThisFramework provides
guidance and resources intended to help educators and professionals prepare students for such success. Thank
you for your ongoing support for quality STE education and for your commitment to achievement of such
important goals for all students in the Commonwealth.Sincerely,
Mi tchell D. Chester, Ed.D. Commissioner of Elementary and Secondary Education Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for Science and Technology/Engineering 1Table of Contents
Acknowledgments .................................................................................. 3 A Vision of Science and Technology/Engineering Education ................... 7 Science and Technology/Engineering Education for All Students: The Vision .................. 8Guiding Principles for
Effective Science and Technology/Engineering Education .......... 14 Science and Technology/Engineering Learning Standards .................... 23Overview of the Standards .................................................................................................. 24
Use of Selected Terms ......................................................................................................... 26
Grades Pre
-K-2: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices .......... 27Pre-Kindergarten ................................................................................................................ 29
Kindergarten
........................................................................................................................ 32
Grade 1 ................................................................................................................................. 34
Grade 2 ................................................................................................................................. 36
Grades 3-5: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices ................. 39Grade 3 ................................................................................................................................. 41
Grade 4 ................................................................................................................................. 45
Grade 5 ................................................................................................................................. 48
Grades 6-8: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices .................. 52Grade 6 ................................................................................................................................. 54
Grade 7 ................................................................................................................................. 60
Grade 8 ................................................................................................................................. 66
High School: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices ................ 72High School Earth and Space Science ................................................................................ 74
High School Biology ............................................................................................................ 78
High School Chemistry ........................................................................................................ 84
High School Introductory Physics ..................................................................................... 89
High School Technology/Engineering
................................................................................ 94 M assachusetts Curriculum Framework for Science and Technology/Engineering 2 Standards-Related Appendices ............................................................. 97 Appendix I: Science and Engineering Practices Progression Matrix ................................ 98 Appendix II: Essential Role of Language, Literacy, and Mathematics for Science andTechnology/Engineering Learning for All Students ........................................................ 125
Appendix III: Disciplinary Core Idea Progression Matrix ................................................ 131
Appendix IV: Strand Maps of Science and Technology/Engineering Standards ............ 145 Curriculum-Related Appendices ......................................................... 147 Appendix V: The Case for an Integrated Approach in Grades Pre-K-8 .......................... 148 Appendix VI:Importance of Science and Engineering in Early Education ..................... 152Appendix VII: S
cience and Technology/Engineering Laboratories ................................ 154 Appendix VIII: Value of Crosscutting Concepts and Nature of Science in Curricula ..... 156 Appendix IX: Relevant Contexts for Teaching Science and Technology/Engineering ... 169Appendix X: The Value of Out of School Time Programming .......................................... 171
Appendix XI: Safety Practices and Legal Requirements ...................................................173
Appendix XII: Dissection and Dissection Alternatives in Science Courses: Policies andResources for Massachusetts Public Schools ................................................................... 185
The Development of Massachusetts' Science and Technology/Engineering Frameworks Since 1995 ...................................................................... 193 The full Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework is available online at the Department's website (www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/current.html). It is also available in separate sections at www.doe.mass.edu/stem. The downloadable files are the same as this p rinted v ersion. Feedback, c omments, o r q uestions a re welcome. Please c ontact t h eOffice of
Massachusetts Curriculum Framework for Science and Technology/Engineering 3Acknowledgments
The 2016
Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework is the result of thecontributions of many educators across the state. Because of the broad-based, participatory nature of
the revision process, this document cannot reflect all the views of every contributor; instead it reflects a
balanced synthesis of their suggestions. The Department of Elementary and Secondary Education wishesto thank all of the groups and individuals that contributed to the development of these standards: the
Science and Technology/Engineering Revision Panel; the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Advisory Group; the Mathematics and Science Advisory Council, as well as the Technology/Engineering Advisory Council (later combined into the STEM Advisory Council); the curriculum and standardssubgroup of the Governor"s STEM Advisory Council; grade-span teacher groups; professional educational
associations and organizations; and all of the individual teachers, administrators, scientists, engineers,
science education faculty, informal education staff, parents, business and industry representatives, and
others who took the time to provide thoughtful comments and input during the development of the STE standards and the