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TheWorldleaderinselfstudylanguagecourses
Arabic
1ll^l
Arabic
withEase
Daybydaymethod
Arabic
withEase (Volume1)
OriginalTextby
J.J.SCHMIDT
introductiontothelanguage, byStephenGeist
IllustrationbyJ.L.Gousse
PublishedinIndiaunderlicenceby
GOYALSmB
goyal@goyalsaab.com www.assimil.com
FOREWORD
METHODBOOKS
Thisspeciallow-priceeditionisforsalein
Bhutan,MyanmarandMaldivesonly.
exercisesrecordedoncassettesandCDs www.assimil.com
Arabicwithease
Dutchwithease
NewFrenchwithease
UsingFrench
BusinessFrench
Germanwithease
Hungarianwithease
Italianwithease
Spanishwithease
UsingSpanish
ISBN81-8307-026-4
©ASSIMIL1979
Fortheoriginaledition
©2005GOYALPublishers&Dist.Pvt.Ltd.
fortheIndianedition
Allrightreserved
www.goyalsaab.com
PrintedinIndiabyGopsonsPapersLtd.,Noida
Theaimofthisbookistomakeaccessibleto
tictraining,inassimpleandpleasantawayas pleinallpartsoftheworld.
LiketheotherASSIMILlanguagebooks,this
oneismeantprimarilyforpeoplewhowant(or whoareobliged)tolearnthelanguagewithout helpfromateacher.
However,asnoonecanlearnbyhimselfexact-
ge,whetherArabicorFrench,werecommendto friends,theymakeuse,alongwiththebook,of theASSIMILrecordingofthecompletecourse whichthesentencesofeveryLessonarespoken aloud.
TheASSIMILmethodisbasedonapractical
rulesofgrammar.Peoplewhosenativelanguage isEnglishareusuallyimpatientwithgrammar assuch.Thequestionthatintereststhem,when theylearnaforeignlanguage,isnot,"Whatare therules?"but"Howdoesitwork?"Itistothis questionthatwealwaystrytogivetheanswer.
ManykindsofArabicareusedintheArab
world.Thekindthatconcernsusinthisbookis whatmightbecalledmoderninternationalArabic - thewrittenandspokenlanguageusedbyliterate peoplefromallpartsoftheArabworldtocom- municatewithoneanother.Itisthelanguageof byvirtuallyeveryone;andwithityoucanmake yourwayaroundanywhereintheArabworld, whetherinMarrakechorinKuwait. takeitamissthatwehavetended,whenachoice wasnecessary,tofavorAmericanspellings willforshallinmostinstances,andsoon). willbefollowedbyasecondoneatamore advancedlevel.
WHATISINTHISBOOKANDHOWTOUSEIT
ThebookstartswithageneralINTRODUCTION,
inwhichweexplainthelettersofthealphabet andtheirsounds,howArabiciswritten,how
Arabicwordsareformed,andhowwordsareput
togethertomakeArabicsentences(whichare thatyoureadtheIntroductionwithgreatcare.
Anytimethatyou"lose"doingsoyouwillregain
ThebookendswithanINDEX,whichwillenable
youtoreferbackatanytimetodetailsthatyou arenotsureoforthatyoudon'trememberwhere tofind.
BetweentheIntroductionandtheIndexthe
bookconsistsof42LESSONS,whichtheoreti- ingroupsofsix,followedbyaseventhwhich reviewsthemostimportant(orthemosttrou- blesome)pointscoveredinthem.Itisunlikely thatyouwillbeabletorespecttheseven-day workweekthatwehaveinmind,butthisisof noimportance.
TheindividualLessonsaremadeupofsomeor
allofthefollowingingredients: (a)Sentences.Thesearebasedoneveryday inArabicscript.Underneathoroppositethe
Arabic,weshow,byaverysimplemethodof
transcription,howtopronounceit.Underthe pronunciation,wetranslatethesentenceinto IVV translation,areaddedorleftoutorplacedina izeyouwithspecificallyArabicwaysofsaying guidetoitsmeaning;butlearnasquicklyas possibletothinkandtofeelthesentencein
Arabic.
(b)Notes.Wheneverawordoraturnofphrase inasentencebringsupapointthatneedstobe notinbulkpackages,sothatyoumakeyour wayintothemgradually. basedonthecontentsoftheLesson. (d)Grammar,suchastheconjugationofverbs, fied(infactover-simplified)way.Ourobject isnottomakeyouagrammarianbuttogiveyou agoodpracticalgraspofhowthelanguage "works". (e)Comments,whichweinsertwheneverwe thinktheywillbehelpful,toshowyouwhere youareandwhereyouaregoing,ortoexplain morefullythanintheNotesmattersthatmay puzzleyou. totheexplanatoryNotesasyoucometothem. pronouncedintherecording,ifyouhaveit). soundofArabic;andyouwillacquirewithsur- prisingspeeda"feel"forthespecialwaysin whichArabicsentencesareformed.Youwillat them,andfinallybeabletomakeactiveuseof them.
Youwillofcoursehavetoworkatthis.Itwould
befoolishtopretendthatArabicoranyother
Andyouwillhavetoworkatitregularly,sothat
thenextandcreatesitsownmomentum.But theASSIMILmethodisdesignedtomakethe movealong,youmovealongasyoulearn. VIVII
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
A.Arabicletters,soundsandsigns
A.Arabicletters,soundsandsigns
1Lettershavingfamiliarsounds
2Letterswhosesoundsarenotfamiliar
3Longvowels
4Shortvowels
5Diphthongs
6Missingsounds
7Specialformsofletters
8Specialsigns
B.TheArabicalphabet,howitiswritten,and
howwordsaremadefromit.
1Preliminaryremarks
2TableoftheArabicalphabetinallitsforms
3HowtowriteArabicletters
4Easy-to-recognizeArabicwords
C.TheinternalstructureofArabicwords
D.Howsentencesareformedfromwords
1Partsofspeech
2Nouns
3Verbs
VIII
TheArabicalphabet,likethealphabetsofall
Semiticlanguages,innowayresemblesthoseof
ItmustbelearnedasyoulearnedtheEnglish
sodifficultasitatfirstappears,andyouwill tice,youmasterit.
Thebiggeststumblingblockinthewayoflearn-
learnerhas,inmostbookswrittenforhim,in
Thiswillenableyoutograsptheexactshapeof
eachletterandhowtoformit,soyouwillnot isahopelessjumbleofcurlicues.
Throughoutthisbook-bothasawalking-stick
diligentones - weuseasimplemethodofrepre- toArabic).Youcouldinfactgothroughthe nottotakethiseasywayout,ifonlybecause youwillwant,intheArabcountries,toreadthe namesofstreetsandtheNoSmokingsigns,to IX youknowthem,ofrepresentingoneandonly onesound.Thereisnosuchproblemastheone thathastobedealtwithbyaforeignerlearning
Englishwhenhecomestoaphrasesuchas:"...
Thoughstillcoughing,sheboughtatabookshop
neartheoldwateringtroughinSloughanovelby butfounditroughgoing"(G.Sczeyn).(Takea bough,younglady,andanotheroneifyoucould handleSlough.)
WewillmoveintoArabletters,soundsandsigns
bystages:
1Lettershavingfamiliarsounds.Aboutthree
fifthsofthe29lettersintheArabicalphabet havesoundsthatareverymuchlikethoseof ken).All29areconsideredtobeconsonants, butthreeofthesealsoactaslongvowelsandare ontothevowels.(Attheheadofthetable,the abbreviation"Tran."meanstheletterorgroup oflettersbywhichwetranscribetheArabic sound.)
LetterTran.NamePronunciation
bbaa'bun,bar ttaa'tot,toot ththaa'think,thump T ijeemjam,jump tkhkhaa'Scottishloch,Germanach ddaaldud,did dhdhaalthis,thus rraa'rolledScottishburrow zzeenzero,zigzag sseensister,sad shsheenshoot,shush (bffaa'fool,fun kkaafKodak,kangaroo
J1laamluck,loud
(°mmeemmoon,mouse
£>nnoonnoon,nun
-ohhaa'hat,hip[pronouncedwhere- veritoccursinaword,even attheend] X XI beproperlydescribed:theymustbelistened eitherfromfarbackinthethroatorwiththe tongueinsuchapositionastomakethepalate cavernous.Youwillhavetroublewiththemat areasonabletime. whichwerepresentthem,BUTpronouncedasif youhadadoctor'sspoononyourtongueora hotpotatoinfrontofyourmouth.Considerthe ingthemalongwithoneoftheArabicvowels withoutavowel).Youwillseeatoncethat, becauseofthewayyouhavetoshapetheinside ofyourmouthtopronouncethem,theychange somethingliketheawin"awful". s•saadSeeremarksabove d•daad
Jot•taa'
ibzzaa' ingstrangeness,areallpronouncedfromfar backinthethroatwithairexpelledfromthe the"emphatics",weshowittoowithadotunder XII distinctionbetweenqandkisessential.)The haa'Seeremarksabove qaaf ghain trophe. 'hamza
Asyouwillseeagreatdealofhamza,wewillsay
calleda"glottalstop";itsnamemeans"the atthebeginningofArabicwords;andthistakes ali'ldoing. ZH 13q ^gh 6e XIII
3Longvowels.Wehavesaidthatthreeofthe29
lettersoftheArabicalphabetarealsousedas vowels.Theyaretheonlythreevowelsthatare usedinwrittenArabic.Allthreehavefamiliar
Englishsounds;andallare,inprinciple,long
vowels;butinfact,whentheyareusedattheend ofaword,theyarepronouncedshort,andwe short"ee"soundsin"merely"or"meaty".) inthesamewayasthesimilarEnglishvowel- consonantswandy. oo w wawfood,moon water,wind
1aa'alifBaa,baa,blacksheep
LSeeyaa'eel,peel
yyoyo,yes
Youwillseeshortlywhywelistthethreelong
vowelsinthisparticularorder.
4Shortvowels.Threeshortvowelsarealsoused
inspokenArabic,buttheyarenotnormally versionsofthelongvowels."Food"becomes theuof"put".Thelongaaof"Baa,baa,black sheep"becomestheshortaof"Ta-ta,seeyou soon."And"peel"becomes"pill".Whenspoken, intotheconsonants,thatgowiththem;orthey flattenouttosomewhatneutralsoundslikethe uin"bug"ortheein"the".
Iftheshortvowelsarenotnormallywritten
nariesandinbooksforbeginners),howcanyou recognizethem?Youaresimplyexpectedtoknow ofthewordsthemselvesintheircontext,asyou doinEnglishwhen,forexample,thepersonal talrequired"as"cptlrqrd".Aswedonotexpect wetranscribealltheshortvowelsounds. ten,theyarenotwrittenaslettersbutassmall theconsonantsthatprecedethem,asweshow below,usingtheconsonant"d"toillustrate.
Forreasonsthatwewillexplaininamoment,
theshortvowelsoftenhaveannsoundaddedto
Theadditionofthe"n"soundisrepresentedby
vowelitself. them: dudammaWithn: dun dafat-haWithn:dan /dikasraWithn:din
Nowwecometoatrickybutimportantpointre-
XIVXV nosoundatall:itservesmerelyastheinert onit(uanda)orhangsfromit(i).
Butwecannotinfactwriteud,adandidassuch:
Arabicwordscannotbeginwithavowel.Soa
'adand'id - andsuchwordsas'al,'alif,'ahmad.
5Diphthongs.InArabic,asinEnglish,whenthe
soundaaiscombinedwiththesoundeeitmakes waytorepresentthissoundisbyay.
Theonlyotherdiphthongyouwillencounterin
withoo,asin"now".Toavoidconfusionwith othersounds,werepresentthisbyaw.
6Missingsounds.Acertainnumberofcommon
EnglishsoundsdonotexistatallinArabic.So
whenwordsareborrowedbyArabicfromEnglish ed",bothinspeakingandinwriting,tothe meansatitsdisposal.Thisisnotalwayseasy; andthereisalwaysariskofconfusion.Here aresomeexamples:
MissingsoundReplacedbyExample
Vftelevision-tilifisioon
Pbpetrol(eum)-bitrool
hardgghgas-ghaaz theaandaaradio-raadioo theoofoo radio
Foranotherexampleoftheproblemscreatedby
missingsounds,seepage26,Note4. XVI ofthese,andtheypresentnoproblem:
LetterTran.NameExplanation
la - Justaconvenientcombina- tionofIplusa. o_cA*taa'Thenamemeans"loopedt". marbootaItisaspecialformoft,in twoversions,unattachedand attached,identicalwiththe
Arabich,butwithapairof
dotsadded.(Therearehis- toricalreasonsforthis,but wecanskipthemfornow.)
Attheendofaword,the
taa'marbootaidentifiesthe wordasafemininesingular.
Itisnotusuallypronounced
unlessitisfollowedbya vowelthatislikewisepro- nounced.Butvowelsatthe endofwordsarerarely pronouncedineveryday speech,unlesstheyareneed- edas"bridges"toaword orsyllablethatfollows.This iswhyyouwillmostoften seethetaa'marbootaendings transcribedinpare'ntheses: (tu)(ta)(ti).quotesdbs_dbs8.pdfusesText_14
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