PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITY: HOW DO EARTH’S SPHERES INTERACT?

Vegetation Atmosphere and animals Lithosphere Biosphere Mantle Crust Soil Biosphere (living organisms) Geosphere (crust, mantle, core) Mantle Core Hydrosphere (water) Crust (soil and rock) Atmosphere (air)

Hydrosphere and the Atmosphere; What do they have in common?

Oct 05, 2018 · atmosphere interact Mp 2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively SL 5 5 Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations when appropriate to enhance the development of main ideas or themes Objectives Students will be able to identify and define both the atmosphere and hydrosphere with 80

6th Grade Earth & Space Science Unit 3: Atmosphere

Unit 3: Atmosphere/Hydrosphere: Cycles of Matter History of the Earth Performance Expectation: MS-ESS2-4 Lesson Outcomes: • By the end of the lesson, students should be able to: • Describe the main processes of the water cycle • Explain how the force of gravity and energy from the sun drive the water cycle

Earth Science: Sphere Interactions

(hydrosphere) seeps into the cliff walls behind the dam, becoming groundwater (geosphere), or evaporating into the air (atmosphere) • Humans (biosphere) harness energy from the water (hydrosphere) by having it spin turbines (geosphere, because the turbines come from metal ores in the ground) to produce electricity

PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITY: HOW DO EARTH’S SPHERES INTERACT?

hydrosphere < > atmosphere biosphere < >atmosphere 4 Remind students again that the double-headed arrows (< >) indicate that the cause and effect relationships of the interactions go in both directions For example, “lithosphere hydrosphere” refers to the effects of the lithosphere on the

The Lithosphere--contains all of the cold, hard solid land of the

the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere as follows Example: (Volcano) On May 18, 1980, Mount Saint Helens, in the state of Washington, erupted This event altered the surrounding environment, and provided scientists with an opportunity to study the effects of volcanic eruptions on the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere Such

The distribution of CO2 between atmosphere, hydrosphere, and

atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere; minimal influence from anthropogenic CO 2 on the global "Greenhouse Effect" Tom V Segalstad Mineralogical-Geological Museum University of Oslo Sars' Gate 1, N-0562 Oslo Norway 1 Introduction It has recently been created a belief among people that an apparent increase in atmospheric CO 2

ATMOSPHERE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE

1 The amount o f oxygen in the atmosphere is about 21 and all living beings use oxygen present in the atmosphere for breathing 2 For the burning of fuels like wood, coal, gas etc oxygen is essential and carbon dioxide gas is produced by their burning 3 The main sources of oxygen in the atmosphere are plants and trees Higher

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1

Teacher Sheet 1

PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITY:

HOW DO ($57+·6 63+(5(6 INTERACT?

A system is a collection of

interdependent parts enclosed within a defined boundary. Within the boundary of the Earth is a collection of four interdependent parts called

´spheres´: the lithosphere,

hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. The spheres are so closely connected that a change in one sphere often results in a change in one or more of the other spheres. Such changes that take place within an ecosystem are referred to as events. Events can occur naturally, such as an earthquake or a hurricane, or they can be caused by humans, such as an oil spill or air pollution. An event can cause changes to occur in one or more of the spheres, and/or an event can be the effect RI ŃOMQJHV LQ RQH RU PRUH RI (MUPO·V IRXU VSOHUHVB 7OLV PRR-way cause and effect relationship between an event and a sphere is called an interaction. Interactions also occur among the spheres. For example, a change in the atmosphere can cause a change in the hydrosphere, and vice versa. Below are a few examples: Humans (biosphere) built a dam out of rock materials (lithosphere). Water in the lake (hydrosphere) seeps into the cliff walls behind the dam, becoming groundwater (lithosphere), or evaporating into the air (atmosphere). Humans (biosphere) harness energy from the water (hydrosphere) by having it spin turbines (lithosphere) to produce electricity. Understanding the interactions that occur in the Earth System also helps people to prepare for the effects of natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and severe storms. This understanding allows people to predict things like how far and in what direction the lava will flow or the storm surge will rise and help them to evaluate their options throughout the time period of the event. 2

Teacher Sheet 2

OBJECTIVE: Students will:

9 Understand the concept of a ´V\VPHPµ MV LP MSSOLHV PR Earth;

9 Identify the 4 spheres of the Earth system;

9 Identify and analyze how matter and energy change and cycle

through the system as the spheres interact and

9 Analyze an event and present their findings to the class.

MATERIALS:

9 Example image of Earth system

9 List of cause and effect relationships

9 Computer or research materials access

9 Copies of images from Yellowstone Fire of 1988

PROCEDURE:

1. After discussing the information in the introduction section, give

students an opportunity to put the process to work by analyzing a sample event. Images can be handed out or projected for the class.

2. Each pair/small group will select/be assigned/select an EVENT to

evaluate from the list provided. ȷ Students should work together will research the EVENT and decide how it may cause a change to each of the spheres (hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere) and how those spheres may impact the event.

Event < > lithosphere

Event < > hydrosphere

Event < > biosphere

Event < > atmosphere

3. Students will make a connection model like this

one to show and EXPLAIN their ideas.

9 Remind them that: The double-headed arrows ( < >)

indicate that the cause and effect relationships of these interactions go in both directions. FRU H[MPSOH ´HYHQP O\GURVSOHUHµ UHIHUV PR POH HIIHŃPV RI POH HYHQP RQ POH hydrosphere, and the effects of the hydrosphere on the event 3

Teacher Sheet 3

9 Students should refer to the GUIDE QUESTIONS to

help them evaluate the cause and effect relationships relating to their topic.

4. Next students evaluate and discuss the information they have

acquired and write down how your events will connect the spheres to each other.

9 lithosphere < >hydrosphere

9 lithosphere < > biosphere͒

9 lithosphere < > atmosphere

9 hydrosphere < > biosphere

9 hydrosphere < > atmosphere͒

9 biosphere < >atmosphere

4. Remind students again that the double-headed arrows (< >)

indicate that the cause and effect relationships of the interactions go in both directions. FRU H[MPSOH ´OLPORVSOHUH O\GURVSOHUHµ UHIHUV PR POH HIIHŃPV RI POH OLPORVSOHUH RQ POH hydrosphere, as well as the effects of the hydrosphere on the lithosphere.

5. Students will then complete their evaluations

with a diagram like the one on the right with EXPLANATIONS for the connections.

6. Each group will then prepare a presentation for

the class explaining their event and the effects on the Earth system. 4

GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR CAUSE AND EFFECT

1. How may each of the Earth's four spheres (hydrosphere,

atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere) have caused the event to occur? (These are sphere vs. event impacts.)

2. What are the effects of the event on each of the Earth's

four spheres (hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere)? (These are the event vs. sphere impacts.)

3. What are the effects of changes in one of Earth's four

spheres (hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, or biosphere) on each of the other spheres (hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, or biosphere)? (These are the sphere-to-sphere interactions.) NOTE: This approach of answering the questions above is performed during every analysis; simply replace the term "event" with the event you wish to investigate. 5 6

[PDF] PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITY: HOW DO EARTH’S SPHERES INTERACT?

Teacher Sheet 1

PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITY:

HOW DO ($57+·6 63+(5(6 INTERACT?

A system is a collection of

´spheres´: the lithosphere,

Teacher Sheet 2

OBJECTIVE: Students will:

9 Understand the concept of a ´V\VPHPµ MV LP MSSOLHV PR Earth;

9 Identify the 4 spheres of the Earth system;

9 Identify and analyze how matter and energy change and cycle

9 Analyze an event and present their findings to the class.

MATERIALS:

9 Example image of Earth system

9 List of cause and effect relationships

9 Computer or research materials access

9 Copies of images from Yellowstone Fire of 1988

PROCEDURE:

1. After discussing the information in the introduction section, give

2. Each pair/small group will select/be assigned/select an EVENT to

Event < > lithosphere

Event < > hydrosphere

Event < > biosphere

Event < > atmosphere

3. Students will make a connection model like this

9 Remind them that: The double-headed arrows ( < >)

Teacher Sheet 3

9 Students should refer to the GUIDE QUESTIONS to

4. Next students evaluate and discuss the information they have

9 lithosphere < >hydrosphere

9 lithosphere < > biosphere͒

9 lithosphere < > atmosphere

9 hydrosphere < > biosphere

9 hydrosphere < > atmosphere͒

9 biosphere < >atmosphere

4. Remind students again that the double-headed arrows (< >)

5. Students will then complete their evaluations

6. Each group will then prepare a presentation for

GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR CAUSE AND EFFECT

1. How may each of the Earth's four spheres (hydrosphere,

2. What are the effects of the event on each of the Earth's

3. What are the effects of changes in one of Earth's four

POSSIBLE EVENTS FOR ANALYSIS

1. European green crab invasion

2. BP oil spill

3. Iceland volcano

4. Mars biosphere

5. Photosynthesis/respiration

6. Pine beetle infestation

7. Acid rain

8. Amazon deforestation

9. Wildfires

10. Coal mining

11. Drought

12. Flooding

13. Ozone depletion

14. Phytoplankton bloom

15. Salt water intrusion

16. Sulfur dioxide

17. Sunspots

18. Thermal islands

19. Tsunami

20. Hurricanes

21. Wind farm development

22. Yellowstone fires

23. Yucatan meteor impact

24. El Nino/La Nina

25. Mt. St Helens eruption

26. CFCs

27. Yellowstone super-volcano eruption