Biogeochemical Cycles

Living Organisms

Non-living

Dierent Reactions

on Earth

Biotic components

The movement of chemical substances among the living and non-living components of the Earth

Main biogeochemical cycles are

Carbon cycle, Oxygen cycle, Hydrogen cycle,

Nitrogen cycle, Phosphorus cycle, Sulphur cycle

and

Water cycle

All organic compounds have carbon

21% O
in air Atom in molecules like HO, CO

Used for Respiration, Combustion,

Oxidation and Decomposition

Auto &

Factory

emissionsPhotosynthesis Plant respiration Root respiration

Organic wasteAnimal

respiration

Ocean uptake

Plant respiration respiration respiration

Animal

respiration respiration Plant

Animal

CO Cycle

Plants remove CO

from atmosphere. 1

All aerobic organisms use

free oxygen for respiration. 2

All green plants during the

process of photosynthesis, release oxygen back into the atmosphere as a by-product. 1

CO is released in

atmosphere by respiration of animals, combustion of fossil fuels in industries and automobiles. 3

Lithosphere has CO

in the form of fossil fuels 2

Animals exhale carbon dioxide back into the

atmosphere which is again used by the plants during photosynthesis. Thus oxygen is balanced in the atmosphere. 3 3

Atmospheric

oxygen

Oxygen

Carbon

dioxide O O O

Photosynthesis

Abiotic components

Biogeochemical Cycles - Part II

Nitrogen (N

2 ) Cycle Nitrogen Cycle is a biogeochemical process which transforms the elemental nitrogen present in the atmosphere to a more usable form for living organisms. Nitrogen ?xationNitri?cationAssimilationAmmoni?cationDenitri?cation

Phosphorus Cycle

Phosphorus cycle involves both aquatic and soil reservoirs

Process of Nitrogen Cycle

Atmospheric nitrogen: 78%

N (elemental form)Ammonia and other soluble forms as NO & NO can be used

But animals & plants cannot

utilize gaseous form of nitrogen 123

Too much nitrogen from

fertillizers returns to soil, contaminates ground water.

Plants and animals die,

return to the soil, are decomposed Forest res release N from trees whichthen goes back to the atmosphere.

Denitrifying bacteria convert

nitrogen to an unusable form, return it to atmosphere

Fish dies, decomposeNitrogen from atmosphere returnsto soil and water with the help of bacteria and algae.

ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN 78%

Decomposers

( Worms, bacteria, beetles, fungi) break down waste and dead things.

Bacteria x N

which is released into soil & water & used by plants

Animals eat plants to

receive N to be used to make DNA, RNA & proteins.

Animals excrete wastes.

Algae converts unusable

Nitrogen to usableLightning converts nitrogento ammonia and nitrate whichreturn to soil & water by rain

Too much nitrogen from

fertillizers returns to soil, contaminates ground water.

Plants and animals die,

return to the soil,

Forest res release N

then goes back to the atmosphere.

Denitrifying bacteria convert

Too much nitrogen from

Animals eat plants to

receive N make DNA, RNA & proteins.

Animals excrete wastes.

Lightning converts nitrogen

to ammonia and nitrate which to ammonia and nitrate which return to soil & water by rain return to soil & water by rain

Inorganic phosphate (HPO)

Incorporation into

sedimentary rocks (as phosphates of

Ca, Mg and Fe)

Excretion &

decompositionDissolved Phosphates Waste decompositionWeathering or erosion of rocks

[PDF] Biogeochemical Cycles - Part I

Student Laboratory Investigation The Chemistry of Combustion

4a-Energetics Combustion vs respiration

Cellular Respiration: Converting carbohydrate into chemical

RESPIRATION IN PLANTS

33 - National Institute of Open Schooling

Biogeochemical Cycles - Part I

Ecosystem Energy Flow- Productivity

Biogeochemical Cycles - Part I

Carbon Cycle

Oxygen Cycle

Oxidising

Plants

Animals

Biogeochemical Cycles

Living Organisms

Non-living

Dierent Reactions

Biotic components

Main biogeochemical cycles are

Carbon cycle, Oxygen cycle, Hydrogen cycle,

Nitrogen cycle, Phosphorus cycle, Sulphur cycle

Water cycle

All organic compounds have carbon

Used for Respiration, Combustion,

Oxidation and Decomposition

Auto &

Factory

Organic wasteAnimal

Ocean uptake

Animal

Animal

Plants remove CO

All aerobic organisms use

All green plants during the

CO is released in

Lithosphere has CO

Animals exhale carbon dioxide back into the

Atmospheric

Oxygen

Carbon

Photosynthesis

Abiotic components

Biogeochemical Cycles - Part II

Nitrogen (N

Phosphorus Cycle

Process of Nitrogen Cycle

Atmospheric nitrogen: 78%

But animals & plants cannot

Too much nitrogen from

Plants and animals die,

Denitrifying bacteria convert

ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN 78%

Decomposers

Bacteria x N

Animals eat plants to

Animals excrete wastes.

Algae converts unusable

Too much nitrogen from

Too much nitrogen from

Too much nitrogen from

Too much nitrogen from

Too much nitrogen from

Too much nitrogen from

Too much nitrogen from

Too much nitrogen from

Too much nitrogen from

Plants and animals die,

Plants and animals die,

Plants and animals die,

Plants and animals die,

Plants and animals die,

Plants and animals die,

Plants and animals die,

Plants and animals die,

Plants and animals die,

Plants and animals die,

Plants and animals die,

Forest res release N

Denitrifying bacteria convert