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Business Intelligence PortalVersion 8.0.02

Describing Data With WebFOCUS Language

Release 8.2 Version 02

January 11, 2018

Active Technologies, EDA, EDA/SQL, FIDEL, FOCUS, Information Builders, the Information Builders logo, iWay, iWay

Software, Parlay, PC/FOCUS, RStat, Table Talk, Web390, WebFOCUS, WebFOCUS Active Technologies, and WebFOCUS

Magnify are registered trademarks, and DataMigrator and Hyperstage are trademarks of Information Builders, Inc.

Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, Adobe Reader, Flash, Adobe Flash Builder, Flex, and PostScript are either registered

trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.

Due to the nature of this material, this document refers to numerous hardware and software products by their

trademarks. In most, if not all cases, these designations are claimed as trademarks or registered trademarks by their

respective companies. It is not this publisher's intent to use any of these names generically. The reader is therefore

cautioned to investigate all claimed trademark rights before using any of these names other than to refer to the product

described.

Copyright

2017, by Information Builders, Inc. and iWay Software. All rights reserved. Patent Pending. This manual, or

parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of Information Builders, Inc.

Contents

Preface ........................................................................17 Documentation Conventions ..........................................................18 Related Publications .................................................................19 Customer Support ...................................................................19 Information You Should Have ..........................................................20 User Feedback ......................................................................21 Information Builders Consulting and Training ............................................21

1. Understanding a Data Source Description ......................................23

A Note About Data Source Terminology .................................................24 What Is a Data Source Description? ....................................................24 How an Application Uses a Data Source Description ......................................25 What Does a Master File Describe? ....................................................25 Identifying a Data Source........................................................26 Identifying and Relating a Group of Fields..........................................26 Describing a Field...............................................................26 Creating a Data Source Description ....................................................27 Creating a Master File and Access File Using an Editor...............................27 Naming a Master File ................................................................27 Using Long Master File Names on z/OS............................................28 Member Names for Long Master File Names in z/OS................................28 What Is in a Master File? .............................................................32 Improving Readability............................................................33 Adding a Comment..............................................................34 Editing and Validating a Master File...............................................35

2. Identifying a Data Source .....................................................37

Identifying a Data Source Overview .....................................................37 Specifying a Data Source Name: FILENAME .............................................38 Identifying a Data Source Type: SUFFIX .................................................39 Specifying a Code Page in a Master File ................................................43 Specifying Byte Order ................................................................43 Specifying Data Type: IOTYPE .........................................................44

Describing Data With WebFOCUS Language 3

Specifying a Code Page in a Master File ................................................44 Providing Descriptive Information for a Data Source: REMARKS ............................45 Specifying a Physical File Name: DATASET ..............................................45 DATASET Behavior in a FOCUS Data Source........................................46 DATASET Behavior in a Fixed-Format Sequential Data Source..........................50 DATASET Behavior in a VSAM Data Source.........................................51 Creating and Using a Master File Profile ................................................53 Storing Localized Metadata in Language Files ...........................................65 LNGPREP Utility: Preparing Metadata Language Files.................................65 LNGPREP Modes..........................................................67

3. Describing a Group of Fields ..................................................71

Defining a Single Group of Fields ......................................................71 Understanding a Segment........................................................72 Understanding a Segment Instance................................................72 Understanding a Segment Chain..................................................73 Identifying a Key Field...........................................................74 Identifying a Segment: SEGNAME.................................................74 Identifying a Logical View: Redefining a Segment .........................................75 Relating Multiple Groups of Fields .....................................................77 Facilities for Specifying a Segment Relationship.....................................77 Identifying a Parent Segment: PARENT.............................................78 Identifying the Type of Relationship: SEGTYPE......................................79 Understanding the Efficiency of the Minimum Referenced Subtree.....................79 Logical Dependence: The Parent-Child Relationship ......................................80 A Simple Parent-Child Relationship................................................80 A Parent-Child Relationship With Multiple Segments.................................81 Understanding a Root Segment...................................................82 Understanding a Descendant Segment.............................................82 Understanding an Ancestral Segment..............................................83 Logical Independence: Multiple Paths ..................................................84 Understanding a Single Path......................................................84 Understanding Multiple Paths.....................................................85

Contents

4 Information Builders

Understanding Logical Independence..............................................86 Cardinal Relationships Between Segments ..............................................86 One-to-One Relationship ..............................................................87 Where to Use a One-to-One Relationship...........................................88 Implementing a One-to-One Relationship in a Relational Data Source...................89 Implementing a One-to-One Relationship in a Sequential Data Source..................89 Implementing a One-to-One Relationship in a FOCUS Data Source.....................89 One-to-Many Relationship .............................................................89 Implementing a One-to-Many Relationship in a Relational Data Source..................91 Implementing a One-to-Many Relationship in a VSAM or Sequential Data Source.........91 Implementing a One-to-Many Relationship in a FOCUS Data Source....................92 Many-to-Many Relationship ............................................................92 Implementing a Many-to-Many Relationship Directly..................................92 Implementing a Many-to-Many Relationship Indirectly.................................94 Recursive Relationships ..............................................................97 Relating Segments From Different Types of Data Sources ................................101 Rotating a Data Source: An Alternate View .............................................102 Defining a Prefix for Field Titles .......................................................104

4. Describing an Individual Field ................................................109

Field Characteristics ................................................................109 The Field Name: FIELDNAME .........................................................110 Using a Qualified Field Name....................................................112 Using a Duplicate Field Name...................................................114 Rules for Evaluating a Qualified Field Name.......................................114 The Field Synonym: ALIAS ...........................................................118 Implementing a Field Synonym...................................................118 The Displayed Data Type: USAGE .....................................................119 Specifying a Display Format.....................................................119 Data Type Formats.............................................................120 Integer Format................................................................121 Floating-Point Double-Precision Format............................................122 Floating-Point Single-Precision Format............................................123

Contents

Describing Data With WebFOCUS Language 5

Packed-Decimal Format.........................................................124 Numeric Display Options........................................................125 Extended Currency Symbol Display Options........................................129 Alphanumeric Format...........................................................137 Date Formats.................................................................138 Date Display Options...........................................................138 Controlling the Date Separator...................................................143 Date Translation...............................................................144 Using a Date Field.............................................................145 Numeric Date Literals..........................................................147 Date Fields in Arithmetic Expressions.............................................147 Converting a Date Field.........................................................147 How a Date Field Is Represented Internally........................................148 Displaying a Non-Standard Date Format...........................................150 Date Format Support...........................................................152 Alphanumeric and Numeric Formats With Date Display Options.......................152 Date-Time Formats.............................................................153 Describing a Date-Time Field....................................................155 Character Format AnV..........................................................164 Text Field Format..............................................................167 The Stored Data Type: ACTUAL .......................................................168 ACTUAL Attribute..............................................................168 Adding a Geographic Role for a Field ..................................................172 GEOGRAPHIC_ROLE Attribute....................................................172 Null or MISSING Values: MISSING ....................................................174 Using a Missing Value..........................................................176 Describing an FML Hierarchy .........................................................176 Defining a Dimension: WITHIN ........................................................179 Validating Data: ACCEPT ............................................................184 Specifying Acceptable Values for a Dimension ..........................................188 Alternative Report Column Titles: TITLE ................................................189 Documenting the Field: DESCRIPTION .................................................191

Contents

6 Information Builders

Multilingual Metadata ...............................................................192 Placing Multilingual Metadata Directly in a Master File..............................194 Describing a Virtual Field: DEFINE .....................................................198 Using a Virtual Field............................................................201 Describing a Calculated Value: COMPUTE ..............................................202 Describing a Filter: FILTER ...........................................................206 Describing a Sort Object: SORTOBJ ...................................................211 Calling a DEFINE FUNCTION in a Master File ............................................214 Using Date System Amper Variables in Master File DEFINEs ..............................215 Parameterizing Master and Access File Values Using Variables ...........................218 Converting Alphanumeric Dates to WebFOCUS Dates ....................................221 Specifying Variables in a Date Pattern............................................222 Specifying Constants in a Date Pattern...........................................224 Sample Date Patterns..........................................................224

5. Describing a Sequential, VSAM, or ISAM Data Source .........................229

Sequential Data Source Formats .....................................................230 What Is a Fixed-Format Data Source?.............................................230 What Is a Comma or Tab-Delimited Data Source?..................................232 What Is a Free-Format Data Source?..............................................234 Rules for Maintaining a Free-Format Data Source...................................235 Standard Master File Attributes for a Sequential Data Source .............................236 Standard Master File Attributes for a VSAM or ISAM Data Source .........................236 Describing a Group Field With Formats............................................237 Describing a Group Field as a Set of Elements.....................................239 Describing a Multiply Occurring Field in a Free-Format Data Source ........................242 Describing a Multiply Occurring Field in a Fixed-Format, VSAM, or ISAM Data Source .........243 Using the OCCURS Attribute.....................................................244 Describing a Parallel Set of Repeating Fields......................................246 Describing a Nested Set of Repeating Fields.......................................247 Using the POSITION Attribute....................................................249 Specifying the ORDER Field.....................................................251 Redefining a Field in a Non-FOCUS Data Source ........................................252

Contents

Describing Data With WebFOCUS Language 7

Extra-Large Record Length Support ....................................................254 Describing Multiple Record Types .....................................................255 SEGTYPE Attributes With RECTYPE Fields.........................................256 Describing a RECTYPE Field.....................................................256 Describing Positionally Related Records..........................................258 Ordering of Records in the Data Source...........................................260 Describing Unrelated Records...................................................262 Using a Generalized Record Type................................................266 Using an ALIAS in a Report Request..............................................268 Combining Multiply Occurring Fields and Multiple Record Types ...........................269 Describing a Multiply Occurring Field and Multiple Record Types......................270 Describing a VSAM Repeating Group With RECTYPEs...............................272 Describing a Repeating Group Using MAPFIELD....................................274 Establishing VSAM Data and Index Buffers .............................................278 Using a VSAM Alternate Index ........................................................279 Describing a Token-Delimited Data Source .............................................281 Defining a Delimiter in the Master File............................................282 Defining a Delimiter in the Access File............................................285

6. Describing a FOCUS Data Source .............................................293

Types of FOCUS Data Sources .......................................................294 Using a SUFFIX=FOC Data Source................................................294 Using an XFOCUS Data Source..................................................294 Designing a FOCUS Data Source .....................................................296 Data Relationships.............................................................296 Join Considerations............................................................297 General Efficiency Considerations................................................297 Changing a FOCUS Data Source.................................................299 Describing a Single Segment .........................................................299 Describing Keys, Sort Order, and Segment Relationships: SEGTYPE..................299 Describing a Key Field..........................................................302 Describing Sort Order..........................................................302 Understanding Sort Order.......................................................302

Contents

8 Information Builders

Describing Segment Relationships...............................................303 Storing a Segment in a Different Location: LOCATION...............................304 Separating Large Text Fields....................................................306 Limits on the Number of Segments, LOCATION Files, Indexes, and Text Fields..........306 Specifying a Physical File Name for a Segment: DATASET............................307 Timestamping a FOCUS Segment: AUTODATE......................................310 GROUP Attribute ...................................................................312 Describing a Group Field With Formats............................................313 Describing a Group Field as a Set of Elements.....................................317 ACCEPT Attribute ...................................................................319 INDEX Attribute ....................................................................320 Joins and the INDEX Attribute...................................................321 FORMAT and MISSING: Internal Storage Requirements..............................323 Describing a Partitioned FOCUS Data Source ...........................................323 Intelligent Partitioning..........................................................324 Specifying an Access File in a FOCUS Master File..................................324 FOCUS Access File Attributes....................................................327 Multi-Dimensional Index (MDI) ........................................................332 Specifying an MDI in the Access File.............................................332 Creating a Multi-Dimensional Index...............................................335 Choosing Dimensions for Your Index.............................................335 Building and Maintaining a Multi-Dimensional Index.................................337 Using a Multi-Dimensional Index in a Query........................................338 Querying a Multi-Dimensional Index..............................................338 Using AUTOINDEX to Choose an MDI.............................................339 Joining to a Multi-Dimensional Index..............................................341 Encoding Values in a Multi-Dimensional Index.....................................344 Partitioning a Multi-Dimensional Index............................................346 Querying the Progress of a Multi-Dimensional Index.................................346 Displaying a Warning Message..................................................347

7. Defining a Join in a Master File ..............................................349

Join Types .........................................................................349

Contents

Describing Data With WebFOCUS Language 9

Static Joins Defined in the Master File: SEGTYPE = KU and KM ...........................350 Describing a Unique Join: SEGTYPE = KU.........................................350 Using a Unique Join for Decoding................................................354 Describing a Non-Unique Join: SEGTYPE = KM.....................................354 Using Cross-Referenced Descendant Segments: SEGTYPE = KL and KLU ...................357 Hierarchy of Linked Segments...................................................362 Dynamic Joins Defined in the Master File: SEGTYPE = DKU and DKM ......................363 Conditional Joins in the Master File ...................................................364 Comparing Static and Dynamic Joins ..................................................367 Joining to One Cross-Referenced Segment From Several Host Segments ...................369 Joining From Several Segments in One Host Data Source...........................370 Joining From Several Segments in Several Host Data Sources: Multiple Parents........372 Recursive Reuse of a Segment..................................................374 Creating a Single-Root Cluster Master File .............................................375 Reading a Field Containing Delimited Values as individual Rows .....................376 Creating a Multiple-Root Cluster Master File ............................................380

8. Creating a Business View of a Master File ....................................385

Grouping Business Logic In a Business View ...........................................385 Business View Plus (BV+) ...........................................................394 Introduction to BV Namespace Modes............................................395 Assigning DV Roles............................................................400

9. Checking and Changing a Master File: CHECK .................................407

Checking a Data Source Description ..................................................407 CHECK Command Display ...........................................................408 Determining Common Errors....................................................410 PICTURE Option ....................................................................410 HOLD Option ......................................................................412 Specifying an Alternate File Name With the HOLD Option............................415 TITLE, HELPMESSAGE, and TAG Attributes........................................415 Virtual Fields in the Master File..................................................415

10. Providing Data Source Security: DBA ........................................417

Introduction to Data Source Security ..................................................417

Contents

10 Information Builders

Implementing Data Source Security ...................................................418 Identifying the DBA: The DBA Attribute............................................420 Including the DBA Attribute in a HOLD File.........................................421 Identifying Users With Access Rights: The USER Attribute...........................421 Non-Overridable User Passwords (SET PERMPASS).................................422 Controlling Case Sensitivity of Passwords.........................................424 Establishing User Identity.......................................................425 Specifying an Access Type: The ACCESS Attribute .......................................426 Types of Access...............................................................427 Limiting Data Source Access: The RESTRICT Attribute ...................................429 Restricting Access to a Field or a Segment........................................432 Restricting Access to a Value....................................................434 Restricting Both Read and Write Values...........................................436 Controlling the Source of Access Restrictions in a Multi-file Structure ......................436 Adding DBA Restrictions to the Join Condition ..........................................440 Placing Security Information in a Central Master File ....................................440 File Naming Requirements for DBAFILE...........................................445 Connection to an Existing DBA System With DBAFILE...............................445 Combining Applications With DBAFILE............................................446 Summary of Security Attributes .......................................................446 Hiding Restriction Rules: The ENCRYPT Command ......................................448 Encrypting Data...............................................................448 Performance Considerations for Encrypted Data....................................449 Setting a Password Externally...................................................450 FOCEXEC Security ..................................................................450 Encrypting and Decrypting a FOCEXEC............................................450

11. Creating and Rebuilding a Data Source ......................................453

Creating a New Data Source: The CREATE Command ....................................454 Rebuilding a Data Source: The REBUILD Command .....................................456 Controlling the Frequency of REBUILD Messages...................................458 Optimizing File Size: The REBUILD Subcommand ........................................459 Changing Data Source Structure: The REORG Subcommand ..............................461

Contents

Describing Data With WebFOCUS Language 11

Indexing Fields: The INDEX Subcommand ..............................................465 Creating an External Index: The EXTERNAL INDEX Subcommand ..........................467 Concatenating Index Databases.................................................470 Positioning Indexed Fields......................................................471 Activating an External Index.....................................................471 Checking Data Source Integrity: The CHECK Subcommand ...............................472 Confirming Structural Integrity Using ? FILE and TABLEF.............................474 Changing the Data Source Creation Date and Time: The TIMESTAMP Subcommand ..........476 Converting Legacy Dates: The DATE NEW Subcommand .................................477 How DATE NEW Converts Legacy Dates...........................................477 What DATE NEW Does Not Convert...............................................479 Using the New Master File Created by DATE NEW..................................481 Action Taken on a Date Field During REBUILD/DATE NEW...........................482 Creating a Multi-Dimensional Index: The MDINDEX Subcommand ..........................482 A. Master Files and Diagrams ...................................................483 EMPLOYEE Data Source .............................................................483 EMPLOYEE Master File.........................................................485 EMPLOYEE Structure Diagram...................................................486 JOBFILE Data Source ...............................................................486 JOBFILE Master File............................................................487 JOBFILE Structure Diagram......................................................487 EDUCFILE Data Source ..............................................................488 EDUCFILE Master File..........................................................488 EDUCFILE Structure Diagram....................................................489 SALES Data Source .................................................................489 SALES Master File.............................................................490 SALES Structure Diagram.......................................................491 CAR Data Source ...................................................................491 CAR Master File...............................................................493 CAR Structure Diagram.........................................................494 LEDGER Data Source ...............................................................495 LEDGER Master File............................................................495

Contents

12 Information Builders

LEDGER Structure Diagram......................................................495 FINANCE Data Source ...............................................................495 FINANCE Master File...........................................................495 FINANCE Structure Diagram.....................................................496 REGION Data Source ...............................................................496 REGION Master File............................................................496 REGION Structure Diagram......................................................496 EMPDATA Data Source ..............................................................497 EMPDATA Master File..........................................................497 EMPDATA Structure Diagram....................................................497 TRAINING Data Source ..............................................................497 TRAINING Master File..........................................................498 TRAINING Structure Diagram....................................................498 COURSE Data Source ...............................................................498 COURSE Master File...........................................................498 COURSE Structure Diagram.....................................................499 JOBHIST Data Source ...............................................................499 JOBHIST Master File...........................................................499 JOBHIST Structure Diagram.....................................................499 JOBLIST Data Source ...............................................................499 JOBLIST Master File............................................................500 JOBLIST Structure Diagram......................................................500 LOCATOR Data Source ..............................................................500 LOCATOR Master File...........................................................500 LOCATOR Structure Diagram....................................................501 PERSINFO Data Source .............................................................501 PERSINFO Master File..........................................................501 PERSINFO Structure Diagram....................................................501 SALHIST Data Source ...............................................................502 SALHIST Master File...........................................................502 SALHIST Structure Diagram.....................................................502 VIDEOTRK, MOVIES, and ITEMS Data Sources ..........................................502 VIDEOTRK Master File..........................................................503

Contents

Describing Data With WebFOCUS Language 13

VIDEOTRK Structure Diagram....................................................504 MOVIES Master File............................................................505quotesdbs_dbs8.pdfusesText_14