THE PERIOD OF RENAISSANCE IN ENGLISH LITERATURE
the English Renaissance literature, the time of creating of the new literary forms: Shakespeare’s masterpieces are created in this period The third period – the time after Shakespeare’s death and up to 1640 (the forties of the 17th century), it was the time of declining the English Renaissance literature UNIT II THE POETRY OF RENAISSANCE
THE RENAISSANCE The - School Learning Resources
THE RENAISSANCE The Renaissance Period: (14th - 17th Centuries) 1 Meaning rebirth or revival --- historical period of approximately 300 years marked by a revival in art, literature, and learning 2 The period served as a bridge or transition between medieval and modern Western Europe Distinctive Feature 1
General Characteristics of the Renaissance
"Renaissance" literally means "rebirth " It refers especially to the rebirth of learning that began in Italy in the fourteenth century , spread to the north, includin g England, by the sixteenth century, and ended in the north in the mid-seventeenth century (it ended earlier in Italy) During this period, there was an enormous
Values of the Renaissance - Vanderbilt University
Burckhardt’s ideas have generated,1 his notion of defining this period by its beliefs and values continues to have great validity Below are listed and briefly defined the major values and ideals of the Italian Renaissance Humanism This is the most characteristic value of the Renaissance It is a complex
Renaissance Prevention & Treatments
New preventions in the Renaissance period • People changed their surroundings (moving away from a diseased area) more than keeping their areas clean • Weather conditions, or the surrounding atmosphere spreading disease was more popular • New instruments like barometers and thermometers were used to measure weather to see if there was a link
Renaissance 1400 1600 CE Proto; Early; High; Late; Mannerism;
• The Mannerist Period lasted from 1520 to roughly 1600 • Movement started as a counter to the art styles of the early Renaissance and the masters • This new art form started in Florence and Rome and eventually spread to the rest of Europe • Mannerism can be considered a link between the
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Values of the Renaissance
When Swiss historian Jakob Burckhardt wrote his seminal work The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy in the 1860s, he broke new historical ground by defining a period by its Zeitgeist (roughly translated, spirit of the times), not by its political events and institutions. Zeitgeist focused on capturing what people believed and valued that set them apart from earlier peoples and ages. Despite the criticism that some of %XUŃNOMUGP·V LGHMV OMYH JHQHUMPHG1 his notion of defining this period by its beliefs and values continues to have great validity. Below are listed and briefly defined the major values and ideals of the Italian Renaissance. Humanism. This is the most characteristic value of the Renaissance. It is a complex notion pulling together three interlocking elements: a belief in man as a proper focus of study (in literature, art, philosophy, politics, etc.); a revival of the classical learning of the Greeks and Romans (for whom man was the only and logical focus of study); and the concrete work on reviving and correcting classical texts and language and creating new works in the style of the classics. This contrasts greatly with the Medieval era when G-d was the only proper focus of study³thus the emphasis on theology and canon (church) law in the universities and the ignoring of (and in some cases the actual destruction of) works by Greco-Roman (pagan, non-Christian) writers. During the Renaissance, Plato moved to the center of study (which occurred outside the universities); Cicero, Livy, Virgil and others became the models for oration and style. The centrality of Humanism does not mean that this was a totally secular, irreligious or atheistic age; in fact, it means the opposite. Renaissance thinkers believed man to be a proper focus of study precisely because G-G OMG ŃUHMPHG OLP LQ +LV LPMJH MQG OMG HQGRRHG OLP RLPO M ´VSMUN RI POH Individualism. HQ POH 0LGGOH $JHV LGHQPLP\ RMV ´ŃRUSRUMPHµ POat is, it was defined by POH JURXS PR ROLŃO RQH NHORQJHGB 7R NH MQ ´LQGLYLGXMOµ RMV IULJOPHQLQJ MQG PR NH avoided for fear of being made an outcast in a heavily conformist society. During the Renaissance, individual expression and thought, separating oneself from the crowd in terms of ideas and creations were highly prized. Secularism. In contrast to the medieval world when the goal and focus of life were the attainment of salvation in the next life, Renaissance man was firmly planted in this world and strove to enjoy the things that this world had to offer. They saw that this world could be made comfortable and satisfying and that a sense of contentment and well-being did not have to be delayed until the after-life. Again, this does not mean the Renaissance was anti-religious or even areligious; the men of the Renaissance were devout Christian believers. Materialism. During the Middle Ages the Church had preached against the accumulation of goods and wealth (although it amassed major fortunes) as indicative of1 that the Renaissance appeared suddenly and swiftly,
and almost out of nowhere, in Italy. The analogy he uses is of a veil being lifted from the eyes of the
people enabling them suddenly to see their individuality. POH VLQ RI SULGH MQG RI POH ŃRUUXSPLRQ RI POH VSLULPB ´HP LV HMVLHU IRU M ŃMPHO PR SMVV Church quoted from scripture. Anything unnecessary for sustenance or salvation was ŃRQVLGHUHG M ´YMQLP\µ XVHOHVV LQ IMŃP GHPULPHQPMO PR MPPMLQLQJ VMOYMPLRQB 7OH Renaissance instead, going along with secularism, saw no reason why material comforts and beauty on this earth could throw up obstacles to heaven. If man-made artistic creations³be they paintings, sculpture, houses, furniture, clothing, jewelry³were the results of the G-G·V JLIP PR PMQ RI ŃUHMPLYLP\ MQG JHQLXV ORR ŃRXOG POH\ NH NMG" Civic Humanism. Just as the classical Greek city-states had their philotimea, so too did Renaissance man have his love for his city-state. Whether it was ruled as an oligarchic republic or a tyranny, the city-state fostered the values, the profit, the security and the well-being of the citizen and the citizen owed her much. To be involved in politics, toJLYH IUHHO\ RI RQH·V PMOHQPV IRU POH ŃLP\-VPMPH·V JUHMPHU JRRG MQG SURVSHULP\ PR VMŃULILŃH LQ
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