[PDF] HVAC Economizers 101 Principles and Operations for Efficiency

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HVAC Economizers 101 Principles and Operations for Efficiency

HVAC Economizers 101 Principles and Operations for Efficiency Greg Jourdan, Wenatchee Valley College, Srinivas Katipamula, Ph D and Michael Brambley, Ph D ,

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[PDF] perimetre quadrilatère quelconque

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HVAC Economizers 101Principles and Operations for EfficiencyPrinciples and Operations for EfficiencyGreg Jourdan, Wenatchee Valley College,Srinivas Katipamula, Ph.D. and Michael Brambley, Ph.D., Srinivas Katipamula, Ph.D. and Michael Brambley, Ph.D., Battelle Pacific Northwest Division

EARA

Return AirExhaust

A irReturn Air OA

Outside AirSA

Supply AirMA

Mixed Air

1-1 DisclaimerDisclaimerThis presentation was prepared specifically for use as college training material It shall not be modifiedcollege training material It shall not be modified without the consent of the authors.

This presentation represents sponsored research

activities. Neither the Client nor

Battelle warrants

activities.

Neither

the

Client

nor

Battelle

warrants the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of the information. Reference herein to any specific il d t i b t d commerc i a l pro d uc t , process or serv i ce b y t ra d e names or manufacturer does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation. 1-2

What We'll Cover in the Class

Introduction and Background Information1.

Economizer Fundamentals

1.

Economizer

Fundamentals

2.Economizer Control Methods

3.Why Economizers Fail and Increase Energy Use4.Economizers on Packaged Roof Top Uints

5.Typical Economizer Controls of Rooftop Units that Utilize

Honeywell Controls6.Manufacturer Specific RTU Economizer Controls

7.Central Air Handling Units Economizers and Controls8

DTAtt&Chtiti

8 D ampers: T ypes, A c t ua t ors, Ch arac t er i s ti cs

9.Determining the TRUE % of OSA Air Using Charts and Formulas

10.General Maintenance, Testin

g , and Troubleshootin g of Packa g ed 1-3 ggg

RTUs and Central AHU Economizers

HVAC Economizers 101

Introduction and Background

Information onInformation on

Economizer ProjectEconomizer Project

1-4

Recommended Reading and

References•Control Systems for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning, By Roger Haines and Douglas C. Hittle, Springer Publishers at http://www.springer.com

HllThilRfMl

tbit H oneywe ll T ec h n i ca l R e f erence M anua l a t we b s it e: •HVAC Control Systems, by Ronnie Auvil, ATP Publishers •American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) H db k f HVAC S d E i(ASHRAE) H an db oo k o f HVAC S ystems an d E qu i pment •Refrigeration and Air Conditioning TechnologyBy Whitman, Johnson, and

Tomczyk, Delmar Publishers

•Eugene Water and Electric Board at: http://www.eweb.org/

•PNNL web site at: http://www.buildingsystemsprogram.pnl.gov/publications.stm•Lennox web site at: http://www.lennoxcommercial.com/•Portland Energy Conservation Inc., at: http://www.peci.org/•Trane web site at: http://trane.com/Commercial/•Carrier web site at:

V12_ETI372,00.html

•York web site at: 1-5

Group Exercises•Identify economizer sensors, controllers, and controlled devices on a miniature or

packaged HVAC unit.•Experiment with a working economizer unit under normal operations and abnormal or failed conditions to help students to determine a solution to the economizer problem for optimum efficiency of the equipment.• Lab exercises will be based on testing and troubleshooting economizer systems Lab exercises will be based on testing and troubleshooting economizer systems for task specific applications including testing: •actuators and modulating motors •dry bulb and enthalpy sensors•Packaged controllers and DDC controllers •Experiments with preset problems to demonstrate the energy impact on malfunctioning economizer units vs. proper functioning units to include:

E i tk tkl d

E conom i zers s t uc k open vs. s t uc k c l ose d •Malfunctioning sensors and controllers •Improperly wired thermostats to controllers 1-6 Example Evaluation Methods•Short exercises will be given after each major section to reinforce key concepts.reinforce key concepts. •Lab exercises will evaluate that students have comprehended key concepts.•Students will have an hour and half to complete the final exam.•

Final exam is open

book at the end of the class Final exam is open book at the end of the class 1-7

HVAC Economizers 101

Section #1

Economizer FundamentalsEconomizer

Fundamentals

1-8

Section #1

Economizer FundamentalsThe Basics of Airside Economizers

Airside Economizer: "A duct-and

damper arrangement and and damper arrangement and automatic control system that, together, allow a cooling system to supply outdoor air to reduce or eliminate the

Return

Relief

Air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather." Ai r

Supply

Air

Outdoor

Air 1-9

Source: ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004

Economizer Fundamentals•Economizers reduce air conditioning costs by using outside air (OSA) for free cooling causing the compressor to run less.air (OSA) for free cooling causing the compressor to run less. •OSA dampers switch over to minimum OSA when free cooling is not available.•Economizer dampers switch to minimum ventilation position when OSA conditions are not favorable for cooling.• The outside air sensor for economizers must be installed The outside air sensor for economizers must be installed properly and sense the true outside air stream temperature to be effective. 1-10

Ensuring Proper Economizer

Operation•Eliminate outside air for ventilation during unoccupied periods by closing OSA dampers.periods by closing OSA dampers. •OSA damper operation should be monitored and recorded to verify actual operation of economizer. •Percent OSA can be used to verify that the economizer is properly operating.• Percent of OSA is calculated using a formula or graph (to be

Percent

of OSA is calculated using a formula or graph (to be covered later). 1-11 No Economizing Case:Minimum OSA VentilationMinimum OSA Ventilation 1-12

Economizers Case: 100% OSA

1-13

Airflow and Controls for Ei UitE

conom i zer U n it 1-14

Economizer Fundamentals

Exercise #1 (Provide Answers below on notes page)

1.What is the condition of the air conditionin

g com p ressor gp when the thermostat is calling for 1 st stage cooling but the

OSA is below 55°F?

2

When should outside air dampers switch to minimum

2 When should outside air dampers switch toquotesdbs_dbs12.pdfusesText_18