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"Animated Films." Film Site. American Movie Classics (AMC) LLC, n.d. Web. .
Part 1:
•Early Animation •Winsor McCay •Felix the Cat •First Color Cartoon •First Animated Feature •Early Walt Disney •The Debut of Mickey Mouse •The Fleischer Brothers: Inventors, Cartoon Makers •Fleischer Studios' Two Feature Films
Part 2:
•Walt Disney's Silly Symphonies •Other Disney Cartoon Characters •Columbia Pictures Cartoons: Krazy Kat •Fox's TerryToons Cartoons •Leon Schlesinger: The Early Days at Warners •The Birth of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies: The Ascendancy of Warner Bros •Happy Harmonies •Tex Avery Era at Warners: The Classic Cartoon Characters •Bob Clampett •Friz Freleng •Chuck Jones
Part 3:
•Tex Avery •Walter Lantz Studios: Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Woody Woodpecker, and Chilly Willy •Tom and Jerry •The First Full-Length Animated Film •Disney's Golden Age of Hollywood Animations •UPA Productions - Columbia Studios •Jay Ward -- Crusader Rabbit and After •Hanna and Barbera •Cold War Era Propagandistic Animations •Advanced Animation Techniques in the 50s and 60s
Part 4:
•Bill Melendez and the Peanuts Animations •Adults-Rated Animations in the 70s and After: Ralph Bakshi •Rankin-Bass •The Stop-Motion Animation Work of Phil Tippett •Rock-Oriented Animation Favorites •Early Claymotion and Gumby
Part 5:
•Don Bluth •Disney's Animation Renaissance into the 80s •A New Era of Disney Animation: The Late 80s and 90s •Japanimation or Anime •The Emergence of Pixar •Animations at the Start of the New Century •The Present State of Animated Films •The Ultimate 3-D •Wallace & Gromit Claymation and other Aardman Productions Gulati, Pratik . "Step-by-Step : How to Make an Animated Movie." Tuts Plus. Envato, 9 June
2010. Web. . movie--cg-3257>. Preproduction: Story boarding (Finalize development, group work); Layouts (Designs locations and costumes, begin staging scenes); Model sheets (Different expressions and poses for characters); Animatics (Plan motion and timing, shortly after storyboarding) Production: Layout (Rough animation, geometric models, 3D storyboard); Modeling (Organic and hard-surface - o have characters and freeform, h-s have industrial/architectural designs; turn 2D concept to 3D models - skeleton, skin, muscles; rigging and texture paint); Lighting
(Individual scenes, overall flow, textures in light, position and intensity, ect.); Rigging (Adding bones and defining movements); Animation (Frame by frame planning - if motion capture, clean up and complete motions; adds special effects) Post-production: Compositing (Bring together all 3D elements so far for final rendered image); Sound editing (Assemble audio, ensure lip sync, add sound effects); Video editing (Manipulate and rearrange scenes for seamless final product - add any final effects) Meroz, Morr . "Making an Animated Movie ." Bloop (Animation Learning Hub). N.p., 10 Mar. 2014. Web. . .
Finding Ideas: The Restriction method (Come up with rules; must have # characters, _ location, ect.); Break down elements - develop a conflict - come up with a twist; See if story works Writing a Script: Script Format - Location (interior, exterior, indoor, outdoor, time, beginning of each scene) - Action (before or after dialogue, no indentation in script) - Dialogue (indented to center, character name capitalized, dialogue under, dialogue location parenthesized) Story Board: Many different methods (line, color, shading); Captions under, arrows for direction, color objects to differentiate from background Make an Animatic: Animated Storyboard, includes basic audio 3D Modeling and Rigging: Rigging - Building the character skeleton to allow movement
3D Animation Pipel ine: Organized files; Storyboard, Research, Edit (Current Step)
Pre-Visualization: Stripped down version of film; See if sequence works; Title top middle, WIP top left, Timecode bottom left, Frame count bottom right, Shot number bottom left, Focal length (lens size) above shot number (optional) Visual Development: Finish one shot from beginning to end, including rendering; see if final product is as wanted before doing whole film "Production Process for 2D Animation." Miracle Animation Studios (Filipino Anime Producer). Miracle Animation Studios Inc., 24 Apr. 2013. Web. . animation/>. Preproduction:
•The Script: Script contains all info needed for film; usually written form. •The Storyboard: Created by artist, visual representation of all scenes; First storyboard is not final storyboard •Audio Recording: Voices read from script, sound affects as needed. •The Animatic: AKA leica reel, comes directly from storyboard - No animation, storyboard panels with audio •Design: Production style, Character look, location complexity; Creation of Model Pack •Color Styling: Choose colors and ambiance for production and balance with location's palettes; Added to Model Pack Production:
·Layout: Layout and posing process; links storyboard artist and animator; field guide for camera movement; characters main poses with official design, effects, backgrounds, ect. ·Background painting: BG layout finished, painted using color stylists' palettes; Once finished, sent to Scene Setup team or Compositing team ·Animation: Acts out situations required, note timing using exposure sheet ·Exposure Sheet: AKA camera instruction sheet, dope sheet or X-sheet; Breaks down action, dialogue and sound frame by frame ·Pencil Test: Drawings are cleaned up, photographed on animation camera - today can be made using a video camera and computer software ·Clean-up and In-between: Trace drawings onto new sheet of paper, taking care of details; In-betweeners draw whatever scenes are missing (called tweening, again pencil tested until approved) ·Scanning:Hand drawings scanned into computer; bigger companies use large scanners with auto feeder - can read paper holes and automatically aligns pages; Most today use tradigital method, drawing using tablet - very cost efficient, eliminates need for line test. ·Ink and Paint: Colorists clean artwork, apply colors using digital paint software. ·Compositing: Imports colored BG, animatic reference and sound as needed; Assembles everything, creates camera movement and necessary motions; Adds digital effects; renders the movie, can take hours. Post-production:
•Musical Scores and Sound Effects: Original music written for film - timed from dramatic purposes; add additional sound effects to emphasize content •Editing: Choosing what will be in final output; Cutting, shortening of speeding up scenes as needed. This also includes a time line for production.
Shaver, Allen. "The Basics." Animation Academy. N.p., 1 Jan. 2011. Web. 2D Animation
HistoryProcess
Walt Disney often credited w/2D w/ Steamboat
Willie (1928) - First 2D animation called
Fantasmagorie by Emile Cohl (1908) - 1930s-
1970s "Golden Age" of animation; Disney,
Warner Bros, Hanna-Barbera; 1960's goes to
TV in cartoons; 1980s-1990s more adult
audience (Simpsons 1989) - Today still popular, uses computers in process morestoryboard resembles comic - voice actor records script (bg music and side effects not yet) - animatic is made - characters designed using model sheet - layout, BG artists decide camera angles, lighting and shading, character artists choose character poses in each scene; combines to make second animatic - key (main) animator sketches out major poses, pencil test done, assistant animators add in- between frames, new team combine and trace, adding frames as needed, BG for each scene draw on separate layer; each character drawing moved from paper to cel (thin plastic sheet) frame colored, placed onto bg, photographed; photographs placed onto film reel for complete animation - Today animators use computers to cut cost and time down 3D Animation
HistoryProcess
Stop-motion/Clay-motion done as early as
1960s (Aardman has tons) - CGI (computer-
generate imagery) used since 1980s; Pixar (1985) most famous; first all CGI movie Toy Story (1995) - Pixar, DreamWorks, Blue Sky
- Early 2000s CGI cartoons start; Simplifies models; Quickly becoming most popular form of animationScript same as all performances - storyboard same in 2D, animator pitches out scenes; rough impressions of characters; storyboards critiqued - layout (3D storyboard), rendered in 3D; build basic models and BG for each scene;
placement and angles decided; less common to cut scenes from here - animation, basic models posed and finalizes movements, each frame made - final revision, hair, lighting, texture, details (Full hair not until Monsters, Inc. (2001))quotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20
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