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Chapter 9: Modeling Our World Lecture notes Math 1030 Section A Section A.1: Functions: the Building Blocks of MathematicalModels
Mathematical models
The purpose of amathematical modelis to represent something real (like economic changes) and help us to
understand it.Mathematical models are based on the relationships betweenquantities that can change. These relation-
ships are described by mathematical tools calledfunctions.Section A.2: Language and Notation of Functions
Definition of function
A function describes how a dependent variable changes with respect to one or more independent variables.
When there are only two variables, we often summarize them as an ordered pair with the independent variable first: (independent variable, dependent variable) We say that the dependent variable is a function of the independent variable. Ifxis the independent variable andyis the dependent variable, we write the function as y=f(x) 1 Chapter 9: Modeling Our World Lecture notes Math 1030 Section A Ex.1Suppose we want to model the variation in temperature over the course of the day based on the data of
the following table:TimeTemperatureTimeTemperature
6:00 a.m.50◦F1:00 p.m.73◦F
7:00 a.m.52◦F2:00 p.m.73◦F
8:00 a.m.55◦F3:00 p.m.70◦F
9:00 a.m.58◦F4:00 p.m.68◦F
10:00 a.m.61◦F5:00 p.m.65◦F
11:00 a.m.65◦F6:00 p.m.61◦F
12:00 a.m.70◦F
What is the dependent variable? What is the independent variable? Ex.2For each situation, express the given function in words. Write the two variables as an ordered pair and
write the function with the notationy=f(x). (1) You are riding in a hot-air balloon. As the balloon rises,the surrounding atmospheric pressure decreases.(2) You are on a barge headed south down the Mississippi River. You notice that the width of the river
changes as you travel southward with the current. 2 Chapter 9: Modeling Our World Lecture notes Math 1030 Section ASection A.3: Representing Functions
How to represent a function
There are3basic ways to represent a function:
(1) We can represent a function with adata table. (2) We can draw a picture, orgraph, of a function. (3) We can write a compact mathematical representation of a function in the form of anequation.The Coordinate Plane
Coordinates in the plane
The points in the coordinate plane are described by two coordinates: thex-coordinate gives the point"s
horizontal position relative to the origin, they-coordinate gives the point"s vertical position relative to the
origin.We use thex-axis for the independent variable and they-axis for the dependent variable. The axes divide
the coordinate plane in4quadrants. 3 Chapter 9: Modeling Our World Lecture notes Math 1030 Section ASection A.4: Creating Graphs of Functions
Definition of domain and range
Thedomainof a function is the set of values that both make sense and are of interest for the independent
variable. Therangeof a function consists of the value of the dependent variablethat correspond to the
values in the domain.How to create graph of functions
Step 1: Identify the independent and dependent variables of the function.Step 2: Identify the domain and the range of the function. Use this information to choose the scale and
labels on the axes. Zoom in on the region of interest to make the graph easier to read. Step 3: Make a graph using the given data. If appropriate, fill in the gaps between data points.Step 4: before accepting any predictions of the model, be sure to evaluate the data and assumptions from
which the model was built. Ex.3Do all the steps for Example 1.
4 Chapter 9: Modeling Our World Lecture notes Math 1030 Section A Ex.4Imagine measuring the atmospheric pressure as you rise upward in the hot-air balloon. The table shows
typical values you might find for the pressure at the different altitudes, with the pressure given in units
of inches of mercury. This pressure unit is used with barometers, which measure pressure by the height
of a column of mercury.AltitudePressure
0305,00025
10,00022
20,00016
30,00010
Use these data to graph a function showing how atmospheric pressure depends on altitude. Use thegraph to predict atmospheric pressure at an altitude of15,000feet, and discuss the validity of your pre-
diction. 5quotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20