Furthermore, titanium is considered to be biocompatible because it has a low electrical conductivity which contributes to the electrochemical oxidation of titanium leading to the formation of a thin passive oxide layer [7].Dec 19, 2014.
Medical grade titanium alloys have a significantly higher strength to weight ratio than competing stainless steels.
The range of available titanium alloys enables medical specialists designers to select materials and forms closely tailored to the needs of the application..
Titanium alloys are known for their resistance to corrosion and biocompatibility, making them the ideal choice for medical devices.
The most common titanium alloy for medical-grade applications is Ti-6Al-4V, which stands for ~6% aluminum, ~4% vanadium, and the balance titanium..
Titanium possesses a unique ability to bind with bone and living tissue, making it an ideal material for orthopedic implants such as knee and hip replacements.
Because of its strength and increased resistance to corrosion, it is well-suited to many other medical instruments, as well..
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used for medical and dental implant devices—artificial joints, bone fixators, spinal fixators, dental implant, etc..
Ti 6Al-4V (Grade 5)
It is therefore commonly referred to as the titanium alloy “workhorse.” It is believed to be used in half of the usage of titanium around the world.
These desirable properties make Ti-6AL-4V a popular choice in several industries including medical, marine, aerospace and chemical processing..
Grade 4 titanium is the strongest pure grade titanium, but it is also the least moldable.
Still, it has a good cold formability, and it has many medical and industrial uses because of its great strength, durability and weldability.
Grade 4 titanium is most commonly found in: surgical hardware..
Titanium and its alloys have a high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility.
Therefore, these alloys are adopted as raw materials for artificial bones and joints.
Furthermore, these alloys are used as materials for dental surgery..
They are widely used as hard tissue replacements in artificial bones, joints and dental implants.
As a hard tissue replacement, the low elastic modulus of titanium and its alloys is generally viewed as a biomechanical advantage because the smaller elastic modulus can result in smaller stress shielding..
Ti-6Al-4V alloy is the most often used titanium alloy in the production of biomedical devices.
It is used in bone support implants, dental implants, and pacemakers..
Titanium and titanium alloys are one of the most used implant materials for biomedical applications due to their outstanding properties, including high biocompatibility, resistance to body fluid effects, great tensile strength, flexibility and high corrosion resistance [1].Jan 22, 2015.
Titanium was first introduced into surgeries in the 1950s after having been used in dentistry for a decade prior.
It is now the metal of choice for prosthetics, internal fixation, inner body devices, and instrumentation.
Titanium is used from head to toe in biomedical implants..
Titanium – Industrial Applications
Due to their high tensile strength to density ratio, high corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand moderately high temperatures without creeping, titanium alloys are used in aircraft, armor plating, naval ships, spacecraft, and missiles..
However, Ti is typically classified as a bioinert material because its bioactivity is significantly less than that of bioactive ceramics [4]..
In general, titanium will usually be more expensive than other metals because it is rarer than other metals, and because it is typically only found bonded to other elements which can make processing more expensive..
In biomedical application titanium is the most employed alloy due to its biocompatibility as an implant material, attributed to surface oxides spontaneously formed in air and/or physiological fluids [70]..
Thus far, titanium nanostructures have proved to be a viable option for advanced biomedical implants, as well as theragnostic applications; however, a more in-depth understanding of the biomolecular interactions involving titanium as a nanomaterial is necessary for further developments in this field.
The design of metastable β-titanium alloys for biomedical use including:
Alpha–beta titanium alloys The mechanical behavior of biomedical grade commercial purity titanium is generally considered to lie below that desired for total joint replacement.
This led to the early introduction of annealed Ti–6Al–4V, which today remains the largest single titanium alloy used for biomedical device manufacture.
Due to the bio-inert nature of titanium (Ti) and its alloys, they cannot quickly bond to living bone after being implanted in a human body [ 218 ].
Ti does not solidly connect with both soft and hard tissue since it lacks antibacterial qualities and is bioinert, that effect the usage of such materials in the field of biomedical field.
