Yellow fever virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the genus Flavivirus. It is related to West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis, and Japanese encephalitis viruses. Yellow fever virus is transmitted to people primarily through the bite of infected Aedes or Haemagogus species mosquitoes..
How is yellow fever identified?
Laboratory diagnosis of yellow fever is generally accomplished by testing of serum to detect virus-specific IgM and neutralizing antibodies. Sometimes the virus can be found in blood samples taken early in the illness..
Is the yellow fever vaccine safe?
Yellow fever can be prevented with live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine 17D, which is considered safe and effective, and has been used for over 60 years to actively immunize children and adults against infection with the yellow fever virus..
What are the CDC standards for yellow fever?
Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people who are 9 months old or older and who are traveling to or living in areas at risk for yellow fever virus in Africa and South America. For most people, a single dose of yellow fever vaccine provides long-lasting protection and a booster dose of the vaccine is not needed..
What biosafety level is measles virus?
Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) for activities with materials and cultures known or reasonably expected to contain attenuated measles virus. Animal Biosafety Level 2 (ABSL-2) for activities with experimentally infected animals..
What biosafety level is yellow fever vaccine?
Use of YFV is restricted to Biosafety Level 3 or Animal Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3/ABSL-3) facilities with strict adherence to BSL-3/ABSL-3 practices. 1.5. 2. YFV can be transmitted in a laboratory setting through needlesticks and inhalational accidental exposures.Jan 27, 2017.
What is biosafety level for yellow fever?
Biosafety Level 3 practices and facility are recommended for working involving wild type Yellow Fever virus. Such practices may include dedicated laboratory clothing and shoes, or don full coverage protective clothing. Additional protection may be worn over laboratory clothing respiratory protection may be utilized..
What is the classification of yellow fever?
Taxonomy and Classification Yellow fever virus is the prototype member of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, and the virus after which the family and genus were named (flavus, Lat. yellow)..
What is the lab work for yellow fever?
Laboratory diagnosis of yellow fever is generally accomplished by testing of serum to detect virus-specific IgM and neutralizing antibodies..
What is the severity of yellow fever?
People who do get sick will start having symptoms (e.g., fever, chills, headache, backache, and muscle aches) 3–6 days after they are infected. About 12% of people who have symptoms go on to develop serious illness: jaundice, bleeding, shock, organ failure, and sometimes death..
Where is yellow fever recommended?
The yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people from 9 months of age who are travelling to: an area where yellow fever is found, including parts of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Central America and Trinidad in the Caribbean..
Why is yellow fever a notifiable disease?
Yellow fever is a high-impact high-threat disease, with risk of international spread, which represents a potential threat to global health security..
Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) for activities with materials and cultures known or reasonably expected to contain attenuated measles virus. Animal Biosafety Level 2 (ABSL-2) for activities with experimentally infected animals.
People who become infected in the jungle can carry the virus to urban areas, where A. aegypti acts as a vector. Because of this sylvatic cycle, yellow fever cannot be eradicated except by eradicating the mosquitoes that serve as vectors.
Store at 2\xb0 to 8\xb0C (35\xb0 to 46\xb0F). DO NOT FREEZE. Do not use vaccine after expiration date. YF-VAX does not contain a preservative.
Yellow fever can be prevented with live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine 17D, which is considered safe and effective, and has been used for over 60 years to actively immunize children and adults against infection with the yellow fever virus.
Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people who are 9 months old or older and who are traveling to or living in areas at risk for yellow fever virus in Africa and South America. For most people, a single dose of yellow fever vaccine provides long-lasting protection and a booster dose of the vaccine is not needed.
Use of YFV is restricted to Biosafety Level 3 or Animal Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3/ABSL-3) facilities with strict adherence to BSL-3/ABSL-3 practices. 1.5. 2. YFV can be transmitted in a laboratory setting through needlesticks and inhalational accidental exposures.
Biosafety Level 3 practices and facility are recommended for working involving wild type Yellow Fever virus. Such practices may include dedicated laboratory clothing and shoes, or don full coverage protective clothing. Additional protection may be worn over laboratory clothing respiratory protection may be utilized.
Yellow fever biosafety level
Disease outbreak in Africa
On 20 January 2016, the health minister of Angola reported 23 cases of yellow fever with 7 deaths among Eritrean and Congolese citizens living in Angola in Viana municipality, a suburb of the capital of Luanda. The first cases were reported in Eritrean visitors beginning on 5 December 2015 and confirmed by the Pasteur WHO reference laboratory in Dakar, Senegal in January. The outbreak was classified as an urban cycle of yellow fever transmission, which can spread rapidly. A preliminary finding that the strain of the yellow fever virus was closely related to a strain identified in a 1971 outbreak in Angola was confirmed in August 2016. Moderators from ProMED-mail stressed the importance of initiating a vaccination campaign immediately to prevent further spread. The CDC classified the outbreak as Watch Level 2 on 7 April 2016. The WHO declared it a grade 2 event on its emergency response framework having moderate public health consequences.
Medical condition
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF), also known as black typhus or Ordog Fever, is a hemorrhagic fever and zoonotic infectious disease originating in Bolivia after infection by Machupo mammarenavirus.
Infectious disease caused by Brazilian mammarenavirus
Brazilian hemorrhagic fever (BzHF) is an infectious disease caused by Brazilian mammarenavirus, an arenavirus. Brazilian mammarenavirus is one of the arenaviruses from South America to cause hemorrhagic fever. It shares a common progenitor with Argentinian mammarenavirus, Machupo mammarenavirus, Tacaribe mammarenavirus, and Guanarito mammarenavirus. It is an enveloped RNA virus and is highly infectious and lethal. Very little is known about this disease, but it is thought to be transmitted by the excreta of rodents. This virus has also been implicated as a means for bioterrorism, as it can be spread through aerosols.
Prevention of viral hemorrhagic fever is similar for
Prevention of viral hemorrhagic fever is similar for the different viruses. There are a number of different viral hemorrhagic fevers including Ebola virus disease, Lassa fever, Rift valley fever, Marburg virus disease, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and yellow fever. Lassa, Ebola, Marburg and CCHF can be spread by direct contact with the body fluids of those infected. Thus the content here covers the prevention of Ebola.
Medical condition
Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is a zoonotic human illness first identified in 1989. The disease is most prevalent in several rural areas of central Venezuela and is caused by Guanarito mammarenavirus (GTOV) which belongs to the Arenaviridae family. The short-tailed cane mouse is the main host for GTOV which is spread mostly by inhalation of aerosolized droplets of saliva, respiratory secretions, urine, or blood from infected rodents. Person-to-person spread is possible, but uncommon.
