Building materials and construction solutions

Building insulation is material used in a building to reduce the flow of thermal energy.
While the majority of insulation in buildings is for thermal purposes, the term also applies to acoustic insulation, fire insulation, and impact insulation.
Often an insulation material will be chosen for its ability to perform several of these functions at once.

Construction aggregate, or simply aggregate, is a broad category of coarse- to medium-grained particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates.
Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world.
Aggregates are a component of composite materials such as concrete and asphalt; the aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to the overall composite material.
Due to the relatively high hydraulic conductivity value as compared to most soils, aggregates are widely used in drainage applications such as foundation and French drains, septic drain fields, retaining wall drains, and roadside edge drains.
Aggregates are also used as base material under foundations, roads, and railroads.
In other words, aggregates are used as a stable foundation or road/rail base with predictable, uniform properties, or as a low-cost extender that binds with more expensive cement or asphalt to form concrete.
Although most kinds of aggregate require a form of binding agent, there are types of self-binding aggregate which do not require any form of binding agent.

Domestic roof construction is the framing and roof covering which is found on most detached houses in cold and temperate climates.
Such roofs are built with mostly timber, take a number of different shapes, and are covered with a variety of materials.

A material passport is a digital document listing all the materials that are included in a product or construction during its life cycle in order to facilitate strategizing circularity decisions in supply chain management.
Passports generally consists of a set of data describing defined characteristics of materials in products, which enables the identification of value for recovery, recycling and re-use.
These passports have been adopted as a best practice for business process analysis and improvement in the widely applied supply chain operation reference (SCOR) by the association for supply chain management.

A phase-change material (PCM) is a substance which releases/absorbs sufficient energy at phase transition to provide useful heat or cooling.
Generally the transition will be from one of the first two fundamental states of matter - solid and liquid - to the other.
The phase transition may also be between non-classical states of matter, such as the conformity of crystals, where the material goes from conforming to one crystalline structure to conforming to another, which may be a higher or lower energy state.

Siding or wall cladding is the protective material attached to the exterior side of a wall of a house or other building.
Along with the roof, it forms the first line of defense against the elements, most importantly sun, rain/snow, heat and cold, thus creating a stable, more comfortable environment on the interior side.
The siding material and style also can enhance or detract from the building's beauty.
There is a wide and expanding variety of materials to side with, both natural and artificial, each with its own benefits and drawbacks.
Masonry walls as such do not require siding, but any wall can be sided.
Walls that are internally framed, whether with wood, or steel I-beams, however, must always be sided.