1. Sweden. It is no surprise that Sweden tops the index: the country is aiming to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 59% by 2030 compared with 2005, and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2045. It was also the first country to introduce carbon pricing and has the highest carbon tax in the world at €122 per ton in 2023.
What is the International Convention for climate change?
The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) commits all signatory nations to formulate, implement, publish and update measures to prepare for the impacts of climate change, known as 'adaptation'..
The Agreement includes commitments from all countries to reduce their emissions and work together to adapt to the impacts of climate change, and calls on countries to strengthen their commitments over time.
When the unfccc was adopted in 1992, mitigation was established as the first pillar of international climate change law and adaptation as the second. In 2015, at cop 21, the Paris Agreement added a third pillar: 'loss and damage'.
Why is climate justice important? Climate change is a human rights issue. All people should have the agency to live life with dignity. However, the climate crisis is causing loss of lives, livelihoods, language, and culture, putting many at risk of food and water shortages, and triggering displacement and conflict.
The increasing impacts of climate change prove that no state is a sealed-off island with impassable boundaries. The interconnectedness and complex nature of the
The UNFCCC is an international environmental treaty, adopted at the Earth Summit in 1992 and has 197 parties. The UNFCCC's main objective is the 'stabilisation
Can international law help protect the environment?
Litigation of global environmental issues was once considered, if not impossible, very difficult
Yet, nowadays, international lawyers have devised varied strategies to ease access to the domestic and international judiciary on the basis of international law, with a view to vindicating normative commitments about protection of the environment
Is climate litigation coming soon?
Climate litigation is coming soon
Access it now at Climate Case Chart Submission to the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights in the context of climate change Plan to Control Illegal Deforestation and Recovery of Native Vegetation (PPCDAm and PPCerrado)
What are the structural limitations of international law?
However, as Professor Brown Weiss cautions, the sover- eignty moorings of international law entail structural limitations that complicate the pursuit of environmental harm avoidance
In the context of customary interna- tional law, these limitations are enshrined in the very parameters of the founda- tional harm prevention rule
Not-for-profit environmental law firm
The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) is a public nonprofit environmental law organization based in Washington, DC, with an office in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded in 1989. CIEL's team aims to use the power of law to protect the environment, promote human rights, and ensure a just and sustainable society. CIEL seeks a world where the law reflects the interconnection between humans and the environment, respects the limits of the planet, protects the dignity and equality of each person, and encourages all of earth’s inhabitants to live in balance with each other. They help educate organizations, corporations, and the public on environmental issues and conduct their own research. Carroll Muffett has been the president and CEO of CIEL since September 2010. CIEL also legal internship programs.
International law and climate
Environmental aspect of geopolitics
Climate security is a political and policy framework that looks at the impacts of climate on security. Climate security often refers to the national and international security risks induced, directly or indirectly, by changes in climate patterns. It is a concept that summons the idea that climate-related change amplifies existing risks in society that endangers the security of humans, ecosystems, economy, infrastructure and societies. Climate-related security risks have far-reaching implications for the way the world manages peace and security. Climate actions to adapt and mitigate impacts can also have a negative effect on human security if mishandled.
