Constitutional law of south sudan

A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011, on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent.
The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M).

General elections were scheduled to be held in South Sudan by 9 July 2015, the first since independence.
However, in light of an alleged coup d'état attempt and continuing conflict in the country this has been thrown into doubt, especially since no permanent constitution has been formulated.
The South Sudan parliament voted in April 2015 to amend the country's transitional 2011 constitution to extend the presidential and parliamentary term until 9 July 2018, with 264 members in favour and a handful opposing it.
It was postponed again to 2021 in July 2018.
Following the peace agreement that ended the civil war, a transitional period of three years was agreed on, which would be followed by elections in 2023.
In 2022, the transitional government and opposition agreed to move it to late 2024.

The Cabinet of South Sudan is the Executive Branch of the Government of South Sudan.
The Cabinet members are appointed by the President and report to the President.

The Constitution of Southern Sudan was the 2005 Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan, as established by the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement within the framework of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement ending the Second Sudanese Civil War, signed into practice on 9 January 2005.

The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011 was drafted by a Southern Sudan Constitutional Drafting Committee.
It was published in April 2011.

The legal system of Sudan has evolved over time.
The legacy of British colonial rule has had a significant impact even after independence.
Most of the lawyers and judges were British trained and initially tended to rely on judicial precedent.
Soon after independence, however, pressure began to build to change the legal system.
By the time Jaafar Nimeiry seized power in 1969, a commission had been working on recommendations for a new system, but he dissolved it and formed another commission dominated by 12 Egyptian jurists.
Based on recommendations received from them, Sudan adopted a new civil code that looked much like the Egyptian civil code of 1949.
The new system was controversial because it disregarded existing laws and customs and introduced many new legal terms and concepts from Egyptian law without source material to interpret the codes.
In 1973 the government repealed these codes and returned the legal system to its pre-1970 common-law status.
In 1977 Nimeiry agreed to consider a Muslim Brotherhood demand that the system be based on Islam.
He appointed al-Turabi as chairman of a committee to draft new Islamic laws.
Nimeiry accepted few of the proposals from this committee.
He then established a small, new group in 1983 that developed a “cut-and-paste” version of sharia laws based on practice in other countries.
In September 1983, Nimeiry issued several decrees, known as the September Laws, which made sharia the law of the land.

This article lists the heads of state of South Sudan since the establishment of the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region within Sudan in 1972.

The politics of South Sudan concern the system of government in the Republic of South Sudan, a country in East Africa, and the people, organizations, and events involved in it.

Currently, the politics of Sudan takes place in the framework of a federal provisional government.
Previously, a president was head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces in a de jure multi-party system.
Legislative power was officially vested in both the government and in the two chambers, the National Assembly (lower) and the Council of States (higher), of the bicameral National Legislature.
The judiciary is independent and obtained by the Constitutional Court.
However, following a deadly civil war and the still ongoing genocide in Darfur, Sudan was widely recognized as a totalitarian state where all effective political power was held by President Omar al-Bashir and his National Congress Party (NCP).
However, al-Bashir and the NCP were ousted in a military coup which occurred on April 11, 2019.
The government of Sudan was then led by the Transitional Military Council or TMC.
On 20 August 2019, the TMC dissolved giving its authority over to the Sovereignty Council of Sudan, who were planned to govern for 39 months until 2022, in the process of transitioning to democracy.
However, the Sovereignty Council and the Sudanese government were dissolved in October 2021.

This article covers the period of the history of Sudan between 1985 and 2019 when the Sudanese Defense Minister Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab seized power from Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry in the 1985 Sudanese coup d'état.
Not long after, Lieutenant General Omar al-Bashir, backed by an Islamist political party, the National Islamic Front, overthrew the short lived government in a coup in 1989 where he ruled as President until his fall in April 2019.
During Bashir's rule, also referred to as Bashirist Sudan, he was re-elected three times while overseeing the independence of South Sudan in 2011.
His regime was criticized for human rights abuses, atrocities and genocide in Darfur and allegations of harboring and supporting terrorist groups in the region while being subjected to United Nations sanctions beginning in 1995, resulting in Sudan's isolation as an international pariah.

In September 1983, Sudanese president Gaafar Nimeiry introduced Islamic Sharia laws in Sudan, known as September Laws, disposing of alcohol and implementing hudud punishments like public amputations for theft and flogging for alcohol consumption.
Nimeiry declared himself the imam of the Sudanese umma, leading to concerns about the undemocratic implementation of these laws.
Hassan al-Turabi assisted with drafting the law and later supported this move, differing from leader of the opposition Sadiq al-Mahdi's dissenting view.

South Sudan, officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in eastern Central Africa.
It is bordered by Ethiopia, Sudan, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Kenya.
Its population was estimated at 11,088,796 in 2023.
Juba is the capital and largest city.

The States of South Sudan were created out of the three historic former provinces of Bahr el Ghazal (northwest), Equatoria (southern), and Greater Upper Nile (northeast).
The states are further divided into 79 counties.