The University of Pennsylvania Department of Physics and Astronomy is a world-leading institution that generally is regarded as among the very best places for graduate students to obtain a PhD..
In addition to core Physics courses, students choose from a selection of courses in Astronomy and Astrophysics.
The minimum total course units for graduation in this major is 36.
Double majors may entail more course units..
Fourteen full-time faculty members are joined by staff, postdocs, and students in research on astrophysics and cosmology.
The Condensed Matter research at Penn is organized around three broadly defined groups:
The Penn Physics & Astronomy Department offers a variety of research opportunities that bring students of a range of academic levels to Penn.
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There is close collaboration between the astrophysics group and Penn researchers conducting laboratory and astrophysical studies of the nature of dark matter ( Klein, Sanderson) and theoretical studies of gravitational and dark-sector physics ( Khoury, Trodden ).
Physical cosmology.
Greek philosophers Aristarchus of Samos, Aristotle, and Ptolemy proposed different cosmological theories.
The geocentric Ptolemaic system was the prevailing theory until the 16th century when Nicolaus Copernicus, and subsequently Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei, proposed a heliocentric system.
