The Chola ruler were Hindus. They followed the the tradition of Pallavas and enforced the Varnasiramadharma in their country. They constructed temple based on agams. Vijayalaya constructed the temple as part of his administration and donated wealth in the form of money or land..
What was an important part under the Cholas?
The local government at the level of districts, cities, and villages was the most significant aspect of the Chola administration. The Chola government is extensively described in the Uttaramerur inscriptions. The most distinctive aspect of the Chola administrative structure was village autonomy..
What was the culture of the Cholas?
Since they were dedicated worshippers of Lord Shiva and Vishnu, numerous temples were built and idols were sculpted for people to pray. They were not affected by the rise of Jainism and Buddhism. The Cholas broadened their religious influence in nearby countries by building cultural schools and temples..
What was the social life like in the Chola period?
The Chola society was a peaceful one. There were different sections in the society. At the same time, the society was based on 'varnasrama'. According to the varnasrama, society was divided into four major divisions namely Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sutras.Oct 18, 2015.
What were the social classes in the Chola dynasty?
The Chola society was a peaceful one. There were different sections in the society. At the same time, the society was based on 'varnasrama'. According to the varnasrama, society was divided into four major divisions namely Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sutras.Oct 18, 2015.
Which community were Cholas?
Various Kings belonging to surnames of Naidu/Kamma caste like “Aruva", “Alamandala”, “Kanduri”, “Suryadevara”, “Gollapudi” repeatedly used Chola title makes clear that Cholas belonged to Kamma community. Cholas belong to “ Naidu or Kamma” community..
Which part was under the Cholas?
According to Tamil tradition, the Chola country comprised the region that includes the modern-day Tiruchirapalli District, Tiruvarur District, Nagapattinam District, Ariyalur District, Perambalur district, Pudukkottai district, Thanjavur District in Tamil Nadu and Karaikal District..
At its peak, the Chola empire stretched from the northern parts of Sri Lanka in the south to the Godavari–Krishna river basin in the north, up to the Konkan coast in Bhatkal, the entire Malabar Coast (the Chea country) in addition to Lakshadweep, and Maldives.
Cholesterol is a 27 carbon compound with a unique structure with a hydrocarbon tail, a central sterol nucleus made of four hydrocarbon rings, and a hydroxyl group. The center sterol nucleus or ring is a feature of all steroid hormones.
Various Kings belonging to surnames of Naidu/Kamma caste like “Aruva", “Alamandala”, “Kanduri”, “Suryadevara”, “Gollapudi” repeatedly used Chola title makes clear that Cholas belonged to Kamma community. Cholas belong to “ Naidu or Kamma” community.
During the Cholas' reign, the society and culture underwent massive changes. During this time period, the temple served as the focal point for all social and religious gatherings. The surroundings of this region became a school for the people, where students were taught the Holy Scriptures and the ancient Vedas.
The caste system was the basis of the social organization under the Cholas. Society was divided into a number of social groups or castes. Each caste was hereditary and constituted an occupational group. Brahmins occupied a privileged position in the society.
The Chola ruler were Hindus. They followed the the tradition of Pallavas and enforced the Varnasiramadharma in their country. They constructed temple based on agams. Vijayalaya constructed the temple as part of his administration and donated wealth in the form of money or land.
Origins
There is very little written evidence for the Cholas prior to the 7th century CE
History
The history of the Cholas falls into four periods: the Early Cholas of the Sangam literature
Administration and society
According to Tamil tradition, the Chola country comprised the region that includes the modern-day Tiruchirapalli District, Tiruvarur District
Cultural contributions
Under the Cholas, the Tamil country reached new heights of excellence in art, religion, music and literature. In all of these spheres
In popular culture
The Chola dynasty has inspired many Tamil authors. The most important work of this genre is the popular Ponniyin Selvan(The son of Ponni)
Did Cholas have a monarchy?
The Cholas system of practiced a monarchical government, as in the Sangam age, although little in common existed between the primitive and somewhat tribal chieftaincy of the earlier time and the almost Byzantine royalty—Rajaraja Chola—and his successors with its numerous palaces, and the pomp and circumstance associated with the royal court
Where did Cholas come from?
The Pillars of Ashoka (inscribed 273 B C E – 232 B C E
) inscriptions mention Cholas among the kingdoms which, although independent of Ashoka, existed on friendly terms with him
Many historians and linguists have agreed upon the etymology of the word Chola as derived from the Tamil word Sora or Chora
Who was Chola dynasty?
Chola dynasty, South Indian Tamil rulers of unknown antiquity, antedating the early Sangam poems (c
200 ce)
The dynasty originated in the rich Kaveri (Cauvery) River valley
Uraiyur (now Tiruchchirappalli) was its oldest capital
The legendary King Karikalan was the common ancestor through whom
Hundred Year War between the Chola and Chalukya Empires
The Chola–Chalukya Wars were a series of battles that were fought from 992 CE to 1120 CE between the Chola Empire and the Western Chalukya Empire in what is now South India. Most of these conflicts were initiated by the Western Chalukyas who were defeated by the Cholas and forced to return to their capital. These recurring conflicts eventually exhausted as both empire, straining their manpower and material, were left vulnerable to other enemies. More than 1,000,000 people were killed due to direct or indirect consequences of the war. The battles were rages on two fronts: the Western Front in which the capture of Manyakheta and Kalyani were the objectives of the Cholas, and the Eastern Front which centered around Vengi which was strategic for both sides. The west saw the heaviest fighting with Rajendra Chola I leading an army of 900,000 and defeating Jayasimha II at the Battle of Maski. On the Eastern Front, Rajendra Chola led Rajaraja Chola I's army in Vengi and expelled the rulers in battle. Vengi was later the site of the coronation of Rajendra Chola's nephew following his victories in the Chola expedition to North India.
Society under the cholas
Tamil dynasty of South India
The Chola dynasty was a Tamil dynasty in southern India. At its height, it ruled over an expansive maritime empire known as the Chola empire. The earliest datable references to the Chola are from inscriptions dated to the 3rd century BCE during the reign of Ashoka of the Maurya empire. The Chola empire was at its peak and achieved imperialism under the Medieval Cholas in the mid-9th century CE. As one of the Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam, along with the Chera and Pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over varying territories until the 13th century CE.
The Chola Empire
Medieval Indian empire (848–1279)
The Chola Empire, often referred to as the Imperial Cholas, was a medieval Indian thalassocratic empire established by Pottapi branch of the Chola dynasty that rose to prominence during the middle of the 9th century CE and successfully united southern India under their rule.
One of the ancient governments
The Chola Government during the imperial period in 850 – 1200 CE was marked for its uniqueness and innovativeness. Cholas were the first dynasty who tried to bring the entire South India under a common rule and to a great extent succeeded in their efforts. Although the form and protocols of that government cannot be compared to a contemporary form of government, the history of the Chola empire belongs to a happy age in their history and great things were achieved by the government and the people. The Chola system of administration was highly organised and efficient. The king was the central pivot of administration and all the authority and decisions were handled by the respected Velir ministers appointed by the king. The operations in field were taken care of by the ambalakkarars who were in connection with the respected ministers.
In 1025 CE
Medieval invasion of one polity over another
In 1025 CE, the Chola Emperor Rajendra I launched naval raids on Srivijaya in maritime Southeast Asia, Rajendra's overseas expedition against Srivijaya was a unique event in India's history and its otherwise peaceful relations with the states of Southeast Asia. Several places in present-day Indonesia and Malay Peninsula were invaded by Rajendra I of the Chola dynasty. The Chola invasion furthered the expansion of Tamil merchant associations such as the Manigramam, Ayyavole and Ainnurruvar into Southeast Asia. The Cholan invasion led to the fall of the Sailendra Dynasty of Srivijaya and the Chola invasion also coincides with return voyage of the great Buddhist scholar Atiśa from Sumatra to India and Tibet in 1025 CE.
Rajendra I
Chola emperor from 1014–1044
Rajendra I, often referred to as Rajendra the Great,Gangaikonda Cholan, and Kadaram Kondan, was a Chola Emperor who reigned from 1014 and 1044 CE. He was born in Thanjavur to Rajaraja I and his queen Vanathi and assumed royal power as co-regent with his father in 1012 until his father died in 1014, when Rajendra ascended to the Chola throne. During his reign, the Chola Empire reached its zenith in the Indian subcontinent; it extended its reach via trade and conquest across the Indian Ocean, making Rajendra one of only a few Indian monarchs who conquered territory beyond South Asia.
Uttama
Parakesari Varman
Uttama, also known as Madhurantaka, was a Chola Emperor who ruled from 970 CE to 985 CE in present-day Tamil Nadu, India. According to Tiruvalangadu plates of Rajendra Chola, Madhurantaka Uttama's reign is placed after Aditya II. The latter may have been a co-regent of Parantaka II and seems to have died before he could formally ascend the throne. Uttama was the cousin of Parantaka II and was the son of the illustrious Sembiyan Mahadevi and Gandaraditya.
Vijayalaya Chola was a descendant of the Early Cholas
Parakesari Varman
Vijayalaya Chola was a descendant of the Early Cholas, who revived the Chola dynasty and founded the Imperial Chola Empire. He ruled over the region to the north of the river Kaveri. Vijayalaya Chola is one of the descendants of famous Sangam age Chola king Karikala Chola. According to Anbil plates of Parantaka Chola II, Vijayalaya's predecessor is a Telugu Chola king Srikantha Choladhiraja who was ruling the Renadu region, belongs to Pottapi Chola lineage and is a descendant of ancient Tamil king Karikala Chola. Vijayalaya was succeeded by his son Aditya Chola I, who laid the foundation of Imperial Chola Empire.
