Flow cytometry on fine needle aspiration biopsy offers additional advantages in being rapid and objective in quantitatively as well as qualitatively documenting cell surface characteristics..
Objective: Lymph node fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is usually the first step in the evaluation of an enlarged lymph node.
It is a rapid, minimally invasive, and less expensive procedure than histopathological examination..
CYTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MALIGNANCY
It is the constellation of multiple factors that vary depending on the tissue aspirated, the collection technique and the smear preparation method.
It is very important to be aware of these variables before attempting to make a final cytological diagnosis..
What is fine-needle aspiration? Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a procedure healthcare providers use to get a cell sample from a suspicious lump or an abnormal area of your body.
It's also called a fine-needle biopsy.
FNA involves using a thin needle and a syringe to pull out cells, tissue and fluids..
FNA specimens are usually acquired using 20–25 gauge needles and generally provide a sample for cytological examination, whereas NCB specimens are obtained using larger 14–18 gauge needles and primarily provide a tissue core for histological assessment..
Thyroid cells can also have dark granules, usually blue or black.
These tyrosine granules are very small, low in number, and can be difficult to see.
Larger black granules are associated with melanomas.
Cytology cannot differentiate benign from malignant melanomas; however, melanomas on haired skin in dogs are usually benign and those on nonhaired .
Lymphocytes are usually small with very little cytoplasm and smudged chromatin with no nucleoli.
The almost-round nuclei are similar in size to those of red cells.
RBCs are often present in cytology preparations, where they can be used as a comparative and absolute scale.
RBCs vary slightly with species; in dogs, RBCs are ~7 microns in diameter.
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Sample handling is critical; because many tests can be performed on synovial fluid, and cytology is the most important, sometimes the sample volume is so small that no other test is possible.
Therefore, a plain smear should always be made and quickly air dried as soon as the sample is obtained.
Most tests can be performed on samples without anticoa.
There are limitations to the information you can get from FNA.
The main limitation of cytology is that the cells collected may not tell the whole story about what is happening in the tissue.
This may happen if samples are very small, or if the most diagnostic (or representative) cells are not present in the sample.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the most frequently used technique in cytology.
It is typically used to sample 'lumps and bumps' on the body; however, it is also used to evaluate:
