The panoramic image was divided into six anatomical zones for anatomical structure evaluation.
Nomenclature for each zone is defined as dentition (zone 1), nasal and sinus (zone 2), mandibular body (zone 3), temporal-mandibular joint (zone 4), ramus-spine (zone 5) and hyoid bone (zone 6).
Panoramic radiography, also called panoramic x-ray, is a two-dimensional (2-D) dental x-ray examination that captures the entire mouth in a single image, including the teeth, upper and lower jaws, surrounding structures and tissues.
The jaw is a curved structure similar to that of a horseshoe..
Mandibular teeth.
Note that each tooth has one or more roots embedded into the bony (opaque) alveolar processes. Maxillary teeth. Body of the mandible.Angle of the mandible. Ramus. Coronoid process. Condylar process. Sigmoid notch..
Living in the digital age, some enhancement can be done to improve the image quality of the panoramic radiograph to aid visual examination and diagnosis
This enhancement is usually done by increasing the contrast and adjusting the brightness
4 A good dentist should know the anatomy of the head and neck region by heart
Panoramic radiographs have the capability to demonstrate a portion of the neck and display atheromas (calcifications in the carotid artery) which are an indication of both local and generalized (systemic) atherosclerosis
It makes an important contribution to the initial diagnosis of maxillofacial cancers
Panoramic radiography is preferred over intraoral radiographs because the oral cavity of individuals undergoing cancer treatment can be extremely sensitive and painful due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy [ 36 ]
