Paley's keystone claim is that “there cannot be design without a designer; contrivance, without a contriver; order, without choice;…means suitable to an end, and executing their office in accomplishing that end, without the end ever having been contemplated.” His book has chapters dedicated to the complex design of the .
Natural selection is an inevitable outcome of three principles: most characteristics are inherited, more offspring are produced than are able to survive, and offspring with more favorable characteristics will survive and have more offspring than those individuals with less favorable traits..
Charles Darwin is primarily known as the architect of the theory of evolution by natural selection.
With the publication of On the Origin of Species in 1859, he advanced a view of the development of life on earth that profoundly shaped nearly all biological and much philosophical thought which followed..
Darwin proposed that species can change over time, that new species come from pre-existing species, and that all species share a common ancestor.
In this model, each species has its own unique set of heritable (genetic) differences from the common ancestor, which have accumulated gradually over very long time periods..
Design is difficult for three fundamental reasons.
First a perfect or best solution does not exist.
Unlike an algebra problem, no solution is the unique correct solution.
Instead many feasible solutions exist that possess characteristics that are better or worse than other solutions..
