Ontological Engineering
Types of entities: physical objects, abstract objects, time, locations, actions, events, beliefs..
Knowledge in ontologies are formalized using five kind of components: classes, relations, functions, axioms and instances (Gruber, 93)..
The following three sections describe the main phases of the ontology development process: (i) the identification of concepts, (ii) the definition of model, and (iii) the ontology implementation.
Section 7 provides an example of the usage of the PLM reference ontology to represent a real product lifecycle..
A large-scale representation of abstract concepts such as actions, time, physical objects and beliefs would be an example of ontological engineering.
Ontology engineering is one of the areas of applied ontology, and can be seen as an application of philosophical ontology..
This ontology contains concepts called classes, instances called individuals and relations called properties.
For example, the “Subject” class has 12 instances (see Fig. 2.10).
One of these, the “LocalAuthority” instance has several relations (“provides”, “releases”, “controls”, etc.).
Definition.
Ontology Engineering is “the set of activities that concern the ontology development process, the ontology life cycle, and the methodologies, tools and languages for building ontologies” [2].
It provides “a basis of building models of all things in which computer science is interested” [4]..
Definition.
Ontology Engineering is “the set of activities that concern the ontology development process, the ontology life cycle, and the methodologies, tools and languages for building ontologies” [2].
It provides “a basis of building models of all things in which computer science is interested” [4]..
Ontology engineering itself is defined by Gomez-Perez as “the set of activities that concern the ontology development process, the ontology life cycle, the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, and the tool suites and languages that support them” [16]..
Representing and providing a complete description of domain knowledge is done using Ontology.
Ontology is helpful in modeling the domain effectively.
Knowledge modeled using ontology represents the environment of an agent and hence is used in path planning applications..
It allows the reuse of knowledge in a knowledge base by providing conceptualization, reflecting assumptions and requirements made in the problem solving using the knowledge base.
Ontology engineering provides the means to build and use ontologies for building models..
However
Despite the continuous focus on merging ontologies into SEThere is no comprehensive and systematic interpretation of how ontologies influence and support SE
Or what ontologies are established to best represent the SE domain knowledge.
Together
They consist of a comprehensiveIntegrated strategy for formal ontology modeling and effective implementation. For ontology development
It is critical to choose a specific SE knowledge area
Because defining the domain of an ontology is the first step to building an ontology.
The degree of formality of most of the ontologies for systems engineering is low. In recent years ontology-based systems engineering has grown significantly. Its raison d’etre is to use ontologies to improve the systems engineering body of knowledge.
Interested readers can refer to the review to learn more about the state of the art of ontologies in decision management. Cruz et al. (2018) develop an ontology to describe design decisions. Based on this ontology
They propose an approach to represent design decisions.
