What are the biochemical pathways of diabetes?
Biochemical metabolic pathways like glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, and glycogenolysis are critical pathways that regulate blood glucose levels with the glucokinase (GK) enzyme playing a central role in glucose homeostasis..
What is diabetes in biochemistry?
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both..
What is the biochemical cause of diabetes?
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defective insulin secretion, resistance to insulin action or both (1).
Type 1 diabetes is the consequence of an autoim- mune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin deficiency..
What is the biochemical test of diabetes?
Measurement of serum fructosamine, glycated haemo- globin and haemoglobin A1c have been used for diabetes diagnosis, but each is Jess sensitive than the OGTT.
Monitoring of diabetic control is most frequently carried out by patient self-testing using glucose stick testing of finger- stick blood or urine testing..
What is the biochemistry behind diabetes mellitus?
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defective insulin secretion, resistance to insulin action or both (1).
Type 1 diabetes is the consequence of an autoim- mune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin deficiency..
What is the biochemistry behind type 2 diabetes?
The cause of this type is a breakdown in the action of insulin .
This is the so-called insulin resistance due to a disorder of the insulin receptor or a disorder in the transmission of the insulin signal to the cell.
Insulin levels in the blood tend to be increased initially due to insulin resistance ..
Why is insulin important in biochemistry?
Insulin regulates glucose levels in the bloodstream and induces glucose storage in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, resulting in overall weight gain..
- Diabetes mellitus is a chronic heterogeneous metabolic disorder with complex pathogenesis.
It is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia, which results from abnormalities in either insulin secretion or insulin action or both. - Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and maintains normal blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular glucose uptake, regulating carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism and promoting cell division and growth through its mitogenic effects.
- Measurement of serum fructosamine, glycated haemo- globin and haemoglobin A1c have been used for diabetes diagnosis, but each is Jess sensitive than the OGTT.
Monitoring of diabetic control is most frequently carried out by patient self-testing using glucose stick testing of finger- stick blood or urine testing. - The biochemical defect in the secretion of incretins (intestinal hormones secreted postprandially to stimulate insulin secretion), genetic predisposition, increased stress-induced epinephrine secretion, obesity-induced lipotoxicity and consequent insulin deficiency are additional etiological mechanisms of diabetes.
- Type 2 diabetes develops when beta cells are not able to fulfill insulin needs.
The role of the endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria junction in coordinating the functions of these two organelles throughout the natural history of type 2 diabetes is determinant and may explain the alterations of insulin biosynthesis.
