Bioinformatics cancer stem cell
How do scientists identify cancer stem cells?
How are cancer stem cells identified? Researchers take samples of tumors removed from patients during surgery, always with the patient's informed consent.
The cells within the tumor are then sorted based on their expression of certain cell markers on their surface..
What is stem cell technology for cancer?
Stem cell transplants do not usually work against cancer directly.
Instead, they restore your body's ability to produce new blood cells after treatment with the very high doses of chemotherapy and maybe other treatments, such as radiation therapy, that are used to destroy cancer cells..
What is the role of bioinformatics in stem cell therapy?
Consequently, a new sub-discipline called "Stem Cell Bioinformatics" is emerged which deals with developing databases, algorithms/tools, analysis and visualization platforms, and modelling of systems-level aspects of stem cells with high-throughput molecular data..
Where are cancer stem cells found?
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small subpopulation of cells within a tumor that express cell surface markers including CD44, CD24 and/or CD133..
Who discovered cancer stem cells?
Cancer stem cells were first identified by John Dick in acute myeloid leukemia in the late 1990s.
Since the early 2000s they have been an intense cancer research focus..
Why do we study stem cells for cancer?
The stem cell theory of cancer proposes that among the many different types of cells within a cancer, there exists a subpopulation of cells called cancer stem cells that multiply indefinitely, are resistant to chemotherapy, and are thought to be responsible for relapse after therapy..
- Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses.
At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. - Stem cell transplants are most often used to treat people with cancers that affect blood cells, such as leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndromes.
They may also be used for neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, brain tumors that have come back in children, germ cell tumors, and testicular cancer. - Stem cell transplants do not usually work against cancer directly.
Instead, they restore your body's ability to produce new blood cells after treatment with the very high doses of chemotherapy and maybe other treatments, such as radiation therapy, that are used to destroy cancer cells. - The first, known as the CSC model, states that the cancer “stem cell” is the only tumorigenic fraction capable of indefinite self-renewal and differentiation, thus initiating and maintaining tumor growth.
This theory provides a new direction and idea for us to understand the origin and nature of the tumor and clinical treatment. In essence, tumor AbstractIntroductionResultsDiscussion
We aimed to identify new prognostic biomarkers for lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) based on the cancer stem cell theory.AbstractIntroductionResultsDiscussion
Do chromosome bursts generate canonical gene fusions in bone and soft tissue tumors?
Anderson, N.
D. et al.
Rearrangement bursts generate canonical gene fusions in bone and soft tissue tumors.
Science 361, eaam8419 (2018).
Liu, P. et al.
Chromosome catastrophes involve replication mechanisms generating complex genomic rearrangements.
Cell 146, 889–903 (2011).
What are cancer stem cells?
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various tumor cell types, are a special class of tumor cells.
Characterizing the genes involved in CSCs regulation is fundamental to understand the mechanisms underlying the biological process and develop treatment methods for tumor therapy.
Subset of T lymphocytes that might have some of the same functions as memory B cells.
Memory T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that might have some of the same functions as memory B cells.
Their lineage is unclear.
Examines sequence information from individual cells
Single-cell sequencing examines the nucleic acid sequence information from individual cells with optimized next-generation sequencing technologies, providing a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment.
For example, in cancer, sequencing the DNA of individual cells can give information about mutations carried by small populations of cells.
In development, sequencing the RNAs expressed by individual cells can give insight into the existence and behavior of different cell types.
In microbial systems, a population of the same species can appear genetically clonal.
Still, single-cell sequencing of RNA or epigenetic modifications can reveal cell-to-cell variability that may help populations rapidly adapt to survive in changing environments.
Somatic evolution is the accumulation of mutations and epimutations in somatic cells during a lifetime, and the effects of those mutations and epimutations on the fitness of those cells.
This evolutionary process has first been shown by the studies of Bert Vogelstein in colon cancer.
Somatic evolution is important in the process of aging as well as the development of some diseases, including cancer.
Stem cell markers are genes and their protein products used by scientists to isolate and identify stem cells.
Stem cells can also be identified by functional assays.
Below is a list of genes/protein products that can be used to identify various types of stem cells, or functional assays that do the same.
The initial version of the list below was obtained by mining the PubMed database as described in
Subset of T lymphocytes that might have some of the same functions as memory B cells.
Memory T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that might have some of the same functions as memory B cells.
Their lineage is unclear.
Examines sequence information from individual cells
Single-cell sequencing examines the nucleic acid sequence information from individual cells with optimized next-generation sequencing technologies, providing a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment.
For example, in cancer, sequencing the DNA of individual cells can give information about mutations carried by small populations of cells.
In development, sequencing the RNAs expressed by individual cells can give insight into the existence and behavior of different cell types.
In microbial systems, a population of the same species can appear genetically clonal.
Still, single-cell sequencing of RNA or epigenetic modifications can reveal cell-to-cell variability that may help populations rapidly adapt to survive in changing environments.
Somatic evolution is the accumulation of mutations and epimutations in somatic cells during a lifetime, and the effects of those mutations and epimutations on the fitness of those cells.
This evolutionary process has first been shown by the studies of Bert Vogelstein in colon cancer.
Somatic evolution is important in the process of aging as well as the development of some diseases, including cancer.
Stem cell markers are genes and their protein products used by scientists to isolate and identify stem cells.
Stem cells can also be identified by functional assays.
Below is a list of genes/protein products that can be used to identify various types of stem cells, or functional assays that do the same.
The initial version of the list below was obtained by mining the PubMed database as described in
