PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS









Properties of Exponents and Logarithms

Properties of Logarithms (Recall that logs are only defined for positive values of x.) For the natural logarithm For logarithms base a. 1. lnxy = lnx + lny.
Exponents and Logarithms


Lecture 22: Section 3.3 Properties of Logarithms Properties: log (uv

Recall the following properties of Logarithm: The logarithmic function with base a y = f(x) = log a x if and only if. 1. Domain of f: 2. log.
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PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

log is often written as x ln and is called the NATURAL logarithm (note: 59. 7182818284 .2. ≈ e. ). PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS. EXAMPLES.
properties of logarithms


6.2 Properties of Logarithms

(Inverse Properties of Exponential and Log Functions) Let b > 0 b = 1. • ba = c if and only if logb(c) = a. • logb (bx) = x for all x and blogb(x) = x for 
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Research on the physical properties of supercritical CO2 and the log

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Properties of Logarithms.pdf

Condense each expression to a single logarithm. 13) log 3 − log 8. 14) log 6. 3. 15) 4log 3 − 4log 8.
Properties of Logarithms


Log-concave distributions: definitions properties

https://sites.stat.washington.edu/jaw/RESEARCH/TALKS/Toulouse1-Mar-p1-small.pdf


Elementary Functions The logarithm as an inverse function

then the properties of logarithms will naturally follow from our Since g(x) = logb x is the inverse function of f(x) the domain of the log.
. Logarithms (slides to )





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PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

An exponential function is a function of the form

()xbxf=, where b > 0 and x is any real number. (Note that ()2xxf= is NOT an exponential function.)

LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

yxb=log means that ybx= where 1,0,0

¹>>bbx

Think: Raise b to the power of y to obtain x. y is the exponent. The key thing to remember about logarithms is that the logarithm is an exponent! The rules of exponents apply to these and make simplifying logarithms easier.

Example: 2100log10=, since 210100=.

x

10log is often written as just xlog , and is called the COMMON

logarithm. x elog is often written as xln, and is called the NATURAL logarithm (note: ...597182818284.2»e).

PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS

EXAMPLES

1. NMMNbbblogloglog+= 2100log2log50log

Think: Multiply two numbers with the same base, add the exponents. 2. NMN M bbblogloglog-= 18log756log7log56log8888==) Think: Divide two numbers with the same base, subtract the exponents.

3. MPMbP

bloglog= 623100log3100log3=×=×= Think: Raise an exponential expression to a power and multiply the exponents together. xbx b=log 01log=b (in exponential form, 10=b) 01ln

1log=bb 110log10= 1ln

=e xbx b=log xx=10log10 xex=ln xbx b=log Notice that we could substitute xyblog= into the expression on the left to form yb. Simply re-write the equation xyblog= in exponential form as ybx=. Therefore, xbbyx b==log. Ex: 2626ln=e

CHANGE OF BASE FORMULA

bNNaa blogloglog=, for any positive base a. 6476854.0079181.1698970.0

12log5log5log12»»=

This means you can use a regular scientific calculator to evaluate logs for any base. Practice Problems contributed by Sarah Leyden, typed solutions by Scott Fallstrom

Solve for x (do not use a calculator).

1. ()110log2 9=-x

2. 153log12

3=+x

3. 38log=x

4. 2log5=x

5. ()077log2

5=+-xx 6. 5.427log3=x

7. 2

38log-=x

8. ()11loglog66=-+xx 9. ()3loglog1

2221=+

xx 10. ()183loglog22

2=+-xx

11. ()()1loglog2 3

31321=-xx

Solve for x, use your calculator (if needed) for an approximation of x in decimal form.

12. 547=x

13. 17log

10=x

14. xx495×=

15. ex=10

16. 7.1=-xe

17. ()013.1lnln=x

18. xx98=

19. 4110ex=+

20. 54.110log-=x

Solutions to the Practice Problems on Logarithms:

1. ()1919109110log2212

9±=?=?-=?=-xxxx

2. 7142151233153log121512

3=?=?=+?=?=++xxxxx

3. 2838log3=?=?=xxx 4. 2552log2

5=?=?=xxx

5. ()()()1or 6160670775077log2202

5==?--=?+-=?+-=?=+-xxxxxxxxxx

6. ()5.15.435.43log5.43log5.427log3 33

33=?=?=?=?=xxxxx

7. 41
23

3223888log=?=?=?-=

--xxxx 8.

equation. original theosolution tonly theis 3 equation. new theonly solves which solution, extraneousan is 2 :Note .2or 30230661log11loglog222

666
x xxxxxxxxxxxxx 9. ( )641233

2222223log3log31loglog212121

2

1==?=?=?=))

---xxxxx xx 10. ( )( )2or 8028016616621log183loglog 22

8383222

222
xxxxxxxxxxxx xx 11.

729163332

3 31321

3331log1loglog1loglog

613
221
3 22
1 3

221==?=?=?=))

xxx xxxxxx

12. 0499.27log54log54log5477»=?=?=xxx

13. 17

101017log=?=xx

14.

PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

An exponential function is a function of the form

()xbxf=, where b > 0 and x is any real number. (Note that ()2xxf= is NOT an exponential function.)

LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

yxb=log means that ybx= where 1,0,0

¹>>bbx

Think: Raise b to the power of y to obtain x. y is the exponent. The key thing to remember about logarithms is that the logarithm is an exponent! The rules of exponents apply to these and make simplifying logarithms easier.

Example: 2100log10=, since 210100=.

x

10log is often written as just xlog , and is called the COMMON

logarithm. x elog is often written as xln, and is called the NATURAL logarithm (note: ...597182818284.2»e).

PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS

EXAMPLES

1. NMMNbbblogloglog+= 2100log2log50log

Think: Multiply two numbers with the same base, add the exponents. 2. NMN M bbblogloglog-= 18log756log7log56log8888==) Think: Divide two numbers with the same base, subtract the exponents.

3. MPMbP

bloglog= 623100log3100log3=×=×= Think: Raise an exponential expression to a power and multiply the exponents together. xbx b=log 01log=b (in exponential form, 10=b) 01ln

1log=bb 110log10= 1ln

=e xbx b=log xx=10log10 xex=ln xbx b=log Notice that we could substitute xyblog= into the expression on the left to form yb. Simply re-write the equation xyblog= in exponential form as ybx=. Therefore, xbbyx b==log. Ex: 2626ln=e

CHANGE OF BASE FORMULA

bNNaa blogloglog=, for any positive base a. 6476854.0079181.1698970.0

12log5log5log12»»=

This means you can use a regular scientific calculator to evaluate logs for any base. Practice Problems contributed by Sarah Leyden, typed solutions by Scott Fallstrom

Solve for x (do not use a calculator).

1. ()110log2 9=-x

2. 153log12

3=+x

3. 38log=x

4. 2log5=x

5. ()077log2

5=+-xx 6. 5.427log3=x

7. 2

38log-=x

8. ()11loglog66=-+xx 9. ()3loglog1

2221=+

xx 10. ()183loglog22

2=+-xx

11. ()()1loglog2 3

31321=-xx

Solve for x, use your calculator (if needed) for an approximation of x in decimal form.

12. 547=x

13. 17log

10=x

14. xx495×=

15. ex=10

16. 7.1=-xe

17. ()013.1lnln=x

18. xx98=

19. 4110ex=+

20. 54.110log-=x

Solutions to the Practice Problems on Logarithms:

1. ()1919109110log2212

9±=?=?-=?=-xxxx

2. 7142151233153log121512

3=?=?=+?=?=++xxxxx

3. 2838log3=?=?=xxx 4. 2552log2

5=?=?=xxx

5. ()()()1or 6160670775077log2202

5==?--=?+-=?+-=?=+-xxxxxxxxxx

6. ()5.15.435.43log5.43log5.427log3 33

33=?=?=?=?=xxxxx

7. 41
23

3223888log=?=?=?-=

--xxxx 8.

equation. original theosolution tonly theis 3 equation. new theonly solves which solution, extraneousan is 2 :Note .2or 30230661log11loglog222

666
x xxxxxxxxxxxxx 9. ( )641233

2222223log3log31loglog212121

2

1==?=?=?=))

---xxxxx xx 10. ( )( )2or 8028016616621log183loglog 22

8383222

222
xxxxxxxxxxxx xx 11.

729163332

3 31321

3331log1loglog1loglog

613
221
3 22
1 3

221==?=?=?=))

xxx xxxxxx

12. 0499.27log54log54log5477»=?=?=xxx

13. 17

101017log=?=xx

14.
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