PIE Interface Specification
standards are not fully implemented in digital pathology yet the solution also supports Convert byte array to hexadecimal lowercase string.
FINAL SystemX manual upload API document V DOC PJOS AJVKXX
.NET application for the SIMATIC RF350M with WiFi connection
NET API created with C# that demonstrates the basic functions of RFID. This This method converts a hex string into a byte array.
RF M DotNet DOC V en
Buffer Overflows
Suppose in a C program we have an array of length 4 char buffer[4]; assumption that 1 char was 1 byte allowed buffer overflows after the move from ASCI to ...
BufferOverflows
Siemens TCP/IP Ethernet Driver
String conversion warning: Auto generated tag names and descriptions may not Unable to read <block size> bytes starting at address <address/offset> on ...
siemens tcp ip ethernet manual
4 Channel Relay Board
C# was developed by Anders Hejlsberg and his team during foreach (string person in names) ... method to convert hex string into a byte array.
C SHARP Book
Technical Note Canonical Data Types for OPC
Many of the data types used in OPC may even be incorporated into only String. 8. 1 – n Bytes. All Characters supported in the standard ASCII table.
Siemens TCP/IP Ethernet Driver
HEXSTRING length is different from tag length.
siemens tcp ip ethernet manual
Address = '<address>' HEXSTRING length = <length> (bytes)
Deveploer Guide
27 Jan 2021 1.2.5 C#. ... To use C# to call an API through App authentication obtain the C# SDK
romaconnect devg
Programming with CAPL
14 Dec 2004 consequential damages in connection with or arising out of
a e f a ce
Delphi and Unicode
A RawByteString can be considered as a string of bytes which ignores the attached encoding in case of an automatic conversion when assigning to an AnsiString.
delphi and unicode marco cantu
Software Security
Buffer Overflows
public enemy number 1Erik Poll
Digital Security
Radboud University Nijmegen
The good news
C is a small language that is close to the hardware you can produce highly efficient code compiled code runs on raw hardware with minimal infrastructureC is typically the programming language of choice
for highly efficient code for embedded systems (which have limited capabilities) for system software (operating systems, device drivers,...) 2The bad news : using C(++) is dangerous
3Essence of the problem
Suppose in a C program we have an array of length 4 char buffer[4];What happens if we execute the statement below ?
buffer[4This is UNDEFINED! ANYTHING can happen !
by an attacker, this vulnerability can be exploited: anything that the attackerwants can happen. 4Solution to this problem
Check array bounds at runtime
²Algol 60 proposed this back in 1960!
Unfortunately, C and C++ have not adopted this solution, for efficiency reasons. (Perl, Python, Java, C#, and even Visual Basic have) As a result, buffer overflows have been the no 1 security problem in software ever since 5Problems caused by buffer overflows
The first Internet worm, and all subsequent ones (CodeRed,Blaster, ...), exploited buffer overflows
Buffer overflows cause in the order of 50% of all security alerts²Eg check out CERT, cve.mitre.org, or bugtraq
Trends
²Attacks are getting cleverer
defeating ever more clever countermeasures
²Attacks are getting easier to do, by script kiddies 6 Any C(++) code acting on untrusted inputis at risk code taking input over untrustednetwork ²eg. sendmail, web browser, wireless network driver,... code taking input from untrusteduseron multi-user system, ²esp. services running with high privileges (asROOTonUnix/Linux, as SYSTEMon Windows)
code acting on untrustedfiles
²that have been downloaded or emailed
also embedded software - eg. in devices with (wireless) network connections such as mobile phones, RFID card, airplane navigation systems, ... 7How does buffer overflow work?
Memory management in C/C++
A program is responsible for its memory managementMemory management is very error-prone
²Who here has had a C(++) program crash with a segmentation fault? Technical term: C and C++ do not offer memory-safetyTypical bugs:
²Writing past the bound of an array
²Pointer trouble
missing initialisation, bad pointer arithmetic, use after de-allocation (use after free), double de-allocation, failed allocation, forgotten de-allocation (memory leaks)...
For efficiency, these bugs are not detected at run time:²behaviour of a buggy program is undefined
9 10Process memory layout
Arguments/ Environment
StackUnused Memory
Heap (dynamic data)
Static Data
Program Code .textLow
addresses High addressesStack grows down, by procedure callsHeap grows
Software Security
Buffer Overflows
public enemy number 1Erik Poll
Digital Security
Radboud University Nijmegen
The good news
C is a small language that is close to the hardware you can produce highly efficient code compiled code runs on raw hardware with minimal infrastructureC is typically the programming language of choice
for highly efficient code for embedded systems (which have limited capabilities) for system software (operating systems, device drivers,...) 2The bad news : using C(++) is dangerous
3Essence of the problem
Suppose in a C program we have an array of length 4 char buffer[4];What happens if we execute the statement below ?
buffer[4This is UNDEFINED! ANYTHING can happen !
by an attacker, this vulnerability can be exploited: anything that the attackerwants can happen. 4Solution to this problem
Check array bounds at runtime
²Algol 60 proposed this back in 1960!
Unfortunately, C and C++ have not adopted this solution, for efficiency reasons. (Perl, Python, Java, C#, and even Visual Basic have) As a result, buffer overflows have been the no 1 security problem in software ever since 5Problems caused by buffer overflows
The first Internet worm, and all subsequent ones (CodeRed,Blaster, ...), exploited buffer overflows
Buffer overflows cause in the order of 50% of all security alerts²Eg check out CERT, cve.mitre.org, or bugtraq
Trends
²Attacks are getting cleverer
defeating ever more clever countermeasures
²Attacks are getting easier to do, by script kiddies 6 Any C(++) code acting on untrusted inputis at risk code taking input over untrustednetwork ²eg. sendmail, web browser, wireless network driver,... code taking input from untrusteduseron multi-user system, ²esp. services running with high privileges (asROOTonUnix/Linux, as SYSTEMon Windows)
code acting on untrustedfiles
²that have been downloaded or emailed
also embedded software - eg. in devices with (wireless) network connections such as mobile phones, RFID card, airplane navigation systems, ... 7How does buffer overflow work?
Memory management in C/C++
A program is responsible for its memory managementMemory management is very error-prone
²Who here has had a C(++) program crash with a segmentation fault? Technical term: C and C++ do not offer memory-safetyTypical bugs:
²Writing past the bound of an array
²Pointer trouble
missing initialisation, bad pointer arithmetic, use after de-allocation (use after free), double de-allocation, failed allocation, forgotten de-allocation (memory leaks)...
For efficiency, these bugs are not detected at run time: