Untitled
LK-AVIS-II series. HOT CHAMBER DIE CASTING MACHINE. The first AVIS hot chamber die casting machine was produced in 1994 representing high.
YBgpu
CHAPTER 9 : TYPE II TEST ON SI ENGINES (VERIFYING CARBON
This Chapter describes the procedure for the TYPE II test for verifying carbon monoxide emission at idling of spark ignition engined vehicles as defined in
Part Chapter
Subtyping of Primary Aldosteronism in the AVIS-2 Study
25-Jan-2021 The Adrenal Vein sampling International Study. (AVIS)-2 was planned after completion of AVIS-1(13) with the aim of creating a large ...
LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test - Letter of Authorization
21-Jul-2022 Device: LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test. EUA Number: EUA202314. Company: LumiraDx UK Ltd. Indication: Qualitative detection of the nucleocapsid ...
Implementing the Solvency II Use Test
02-Nov-2012 Use Test in Regulation / Rating Agencies. – Solvency II. – Basel II / FINMA / S&P. • Strategic Risk Management Process. – Risk Strategy.
Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Sirolimus Test Systems
30-Sept-2004 For questions regarding this document contact Avis Danishefsky at 301-594-1243 ext.161 or by email at atd@cdrh.fda.gov. U.S. Department of ...
Class II Special Controls Guidance Document Sirolimus Test Systems (PDF version)
CHAPTER 9 : TYPE II TEST ON SI ENGINES (VERIFYING CARBON
This Chapter describes the procedure for the Type II test for verifying carbon monoxide emission at idling of spark ignition engined vehicles as defined in.
Part Chapter
Ensuring Durability of Concrete Paving Mixtures-Part II: Test Methods
PART II: TEST METHODS. APRIL 2016 FHWA-HIF-16-034. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND. In its simplest form hydraulic cement concrete (hereafter referred to
hif
iCHROMA II – TEST PANELS CARDIAC CANCER DIABETES
iCHROMA II – TEST PANELS. CARDIAC. Test Parameter. Sample. Working Range. Incubation. Time. Diseases. TnI. Serum/Plasma. 0.10-50 ng/ml.
iCHROMA II TEST PANELS
CHAPTER 9 : TYPE II TEST ON SI ENGINES (VERIFYING CARBON
This Chapter describes the procedure for the Type II test for verifying carbon monoxide Hydrocarbons emission at idling of spark ignition engined vehicles
Part Chapter

DFFRUGDQFHZLWK$670&DUHWKHQWHVWHGDFFRUGLQJ
WR$$6+727DQGGHWHULRUDWLRQDVVHVVHGEDVHGRQ
FKDQJHVLQG\QDPLFPRGXOXVOLQHDUH[SDQVLRQRUZHLJKW
ORVV.RVPDWNDDQG:LOVRQ,QWKLVWHVWPHWKRG
FRQFUHWHEHDPVDUHSUHSDUHGZLWKWKHDJJUHJDWHXQGHU
HYDOXDWLRQDQGVXEMHFWHGWRUDSLGIUHH]LQJDQGWKDZLQJ
F\FOHV,Q3URFHGXUH$WKHVSHFLPHQVDUHIUR]HQDQG
WKDZHGLQZDWHUZKHUHDVLQ3URFHGXUH%IUHH]LQJRFFXUV
LQDLUZKLOHWKDZLQJLVGRQHLQZDWHU3URFHGXUH$LVWKH
SUHIHUUHGPHWKRGIRUDJJUHJDWHVFUHHQLQJ75%
7KLV FRPELQDWLRQ RI WZR WHVWLQJ VWDQGDUGV RQH IRU
VSHFLPHQSUHSDUDWLRQDQGRQHIRUWKHWHVWLQJVHTXHQFH
LVWKHPRVWZLGHO\XVHGWHVWPHWKRGIRUHYDOXDWLQJIUHH]H
WKDZUHVLVWDQFHRIDJJUHJDWH1PDL,WKDVEHHQ
ZLGHO\ DGRSWHG RIWHQ ZLWK VOLJKW PRGLILFDWLRQ E\ DQXPEHURI0LGZHVWHUQVWDWHKLJKZD\DJHQFLHVWRDGGUHVV
WKHLUVSHFLILFQHHGVDQGREVHUYDWLRQVDVDQDJJUHJDWH
VFUHHQLQJWRRO
7KH PDLQ FULWLFLVP RI WKH WHVW PHWKRG LV WKDW LWLV QRW
UHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIDFWXDOILHOGFRQGLWLRQV7KHFRQFUHWHLVVXEMHFWHGWRUDSLGIUHH]LQJDQGWKDZLQJLQDVDWXUDWHG
V WDWH ZKLFK LV XQOLNHO\ WR RFFXU LQ WKH ILHOG 7KXVDOWKRXJKWKHWHVWLVDEOHWRUDQNDJJUHJDWHIURPH[FHOOHQW
WRSRRUVRPHVD\LWFDQQRWEHXVHGUHOLDEO\WRSUHGLFWWKH
ILHOG SHUIRUPDQFH RI PDUJLQDO DJJUHJDWH 1PDL
%HFDXVH WKH WHVW LV PRUH VHYHUH WKDQ DFWXDO ILHOG
FRQGLWLRQVDJJUHJDWHVWKDWSDVVWKLVWHVWDUHJHQHUDOO\
JRLQJ WR SHUIRUP ZHOO LQ WKH ILHOG DW WKH H[SHQVH RISRWHQWLDOO\ UHMHFWLQJ DJJUHJDWH VRXUFHV WKDW KDYH
GHPRQVWUDWHGJRRGILHOGSHUIRUPDQFH
7KHWHVWPHWKRGLVZHOOGRFXPHQWHGLQ
$$6+727DQGLQ$670&7KHSRWHQWLDOIRUGHWHULRUDWLRQLV
PRVWRIWHQDVVHVVHGWKURXJKWKHOLQHDUH[SDQVLRQRIWKH
VSHFLPHQ RU WKURXJK WKH UHGXFWLRQ LQ WKH G\QDPLF
PRGXOXVRIHODVWLFLW\RIWKHFRQFUHWHDVLQGLFDWHGEHORZ
IRU $65 EXW LW ZLOO DOVR WULJJHU H[SDQVLRQ LQ
DJJUHJDWHVGXHWR$&57KHUHIRUHFRQFUHWHWKDW
VXIIHUVXQDFFHSWDEOHH[SDQVLRQLQWKLVWHVWVKRXOGEH
HYDOXDWHG SHWURJUDSKLFDOO\ XVLQJ $670 &
)LJXUH6$0GHYLFHSURGXFWLRQPRGHO7KH 6$0 1XPEHU KDV EHHQ FRUUHODWHG WR WKH DLUYRLG
VSDFLQJ IDFWRU REWDLQHG WKURXJK $670 & DQG WKH
'XUDELOLW\ )DFWRU ') RI FRQFUHWH DV DVVHVVHG LQ $$6+72 7 /H\ DQG7DEE :HOFKHO )LJXUHLVDSORWRIWKH6$01XPEHUYHUVXVWKH$670 & VSDFLQJ IDFWRU IRU PXOWLSOH FRQFUHWH PL[WXUHV 'DVKHG OLQHV LQGLFDWH WKH IDLOXUH FULWHULD IRU ERWK WHVWPHWKRGVSVLIRUWKH6$01XPEHUDQGLQFKIRUWKHVSDFLQJIDFWRU6LPLODUO\ILJXUHLVDSORWRI6$0
1XPEHU YHUVXV WKH $$6+72 7 ') DJDLQ ZLWK
GDVKHGOLQHVVKRZLQJFRPPRQIDLOXUHFULWHULDSHUFHQW
IRUWKH')5HVXOWVVXJJHVWWKDWWKH6$01XPEHUKDVD
EHWWHUFRUUHODWLRQZLWKUHVXOWVIURP$$6+727WKDQLW
GRHVWRWKH$670&VSDFLQJIDFWRU/H\
)LJXUH3ORW6$01XPEHUYHUVXV$670&VSDFLQJIDFWRU:HOFKHO )LJXUH3ORWRI6$01XPEHUYHUVXV$$6+727'XUDELOLW\)DFWRU/H\
7KHUHFRPPHQGHGDFFHSWDQFHFULWHULDIRUWKH6$0WHVW
GXULQJWKHPL[WXUHGHVLJQSKDVHDUH/H\
$670&7KHUDWH
RIZDWHUDEVRUSWLRQPPV
LVGHILQHGDVWKH
VORSHRIDEHVWILWOLQHRI
!+LJK0RGHUDWH
/RZ9HU\/RZ
1HJOLJLEOH
$OWKRXJKWKLVWHVWKDVEHHQHPEUDFHGE\PDQ\6+$VGXH
WR LWV HDVH RI XVH LW VXIIHUV D QXPEHU RI OLPLWDWLRQVLQFOXGLQJ6WDQQLVK+RRWRQDQG7KRPDV
aa aCurrent Applied
(I)Potential
Measured
(V)Concrete Surface
to be TestedCurrent Flow
LinesEquipotential lines
3HQHWUDELOLW\
6XUIDFH
5HVLVWLYLW\
[PP [LQ &\OLQGHU .2KPFP D6XUIDFH
5HVLVWLYLW\
[PP [LQ &\OLQGHU .2KPFP D +LJKD :HQQHUSUREHWLSVSDFLQJ
$OWKRXJK$$6+727LVFRQGXFWHGPRUHHDVLO\DQGFKHDSO\WKDQ$$6+727LWVXIIHUVPDQ\RIWKHVDPH
OLPLWDWLRQVLQWKDWWKHUHVXOWVDUHGHSHQGHQWRQWKHVDPSOHJHRPHWU\WHVWWHPSHUDWXUHWKHGHJUHHRIVDWXUDWLRQDQG
KRZWKHVDPSOHZDVVWRUHG:HLVV7RDGGUHVV
WKHVH OLPLWDWLRQV ZRUN LV XQGHUZD\ WR QRUPDOL]H WKH UHVXOWVRIDOOHOHFWULFDOWHVWVWKURXJKWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIVWDQGDUGVEDVHGRQWKHIRUPDWLRQIDFWRUZKLFKLVGLUHFWO\
UHODWHGWRWKHFRQFUHWHSRUHYROXPHDQGFRQQHFWLYLW\DV
ZHOODVWKHFRQGXFWLYLW\RIWKHSRUHVROXWLRQ:HLVV
7RWDODLUFRQWHQWVKRXOGEHJUHDWHUWKDQSHUFHQW
,IWKH6$01XPEHULVOHVVWKDQSVLWKHFRQFUHWHLVDFFHSWDEOH
,IWKH6$01XPEHULVEHWZHHQSVLDQGSVLPHWKRGV WR LQFUHDVH DLU FRQWHQW LQ VXEVHTXHQWGHOLYHUHGFRQFUHWHPXVWEHLPSOHPHQWHG
,IWKH6$01XPEHULVJUHDWHUWKDQSVLIUHH]H WKDZGXUDELOLW\LVDFRQFHUQ$QRWKHUWHVWWKDWLVEHFRPLQJSRSXODUDVDFRQVWUXFWLRQ4$WRROGXHWRLWVHDVHRIXVHLVWKHVXUIDFHUHVLVWLYLW\WHVW
$$6+727 :HE/LQN )HOLFH5-)UHHPDQDQG07/H\³'XUDEOH &RQFUHWH ZLWK 0RGHUQ $LU(QWUDLQLQJ $GPL[WXUHV´ :HE/LQN1PDL&³&KDSWHU)UHH]LQJDQG7KDZLQJ´
:HE/LQN5XSQRZ7DQG3,FHQRJOH
:HE/LQN7DQHVL-DQG$$UGDQL
:HE/LQN :HE /LQN :DQJ 00HWZDOO\ ) %HNWDV DQG - *URYH
:HE/LQN :HOFKHO' F\FOLF IUHH]LQJ DQG WKDZLQJ 6SHFLPHQV SUHSDUHG LQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK$670&DUHWKHQWHVWHGDFFRUGLQJ
WR$$6+727DQGGHWHULRUDWLRQDVVHVVHGEDVHGRQ
FKDQJHVLQG\QDPLFPRGXOXVOLQHDUH[SDQVLRQRUZHLJKW
ORVV.RVPDWNDDQG:LOVRQ,QWKLVWHVWPHWKRG
FRQFUHWHEHDPVDUHSUHSDUHGZLWKWKHDJJUHJDWHXQGHU
HYDOXDWLRQDQGVXEMHFWHGWRUDSLGIUHH]LQJDQGWKDZLQJ
F\FOHV,Q3URFHGXUH$WKHVSHFLPHQVDUHIUR]HQDQG
WKDZHGLQZDWHUZKHUHDVLQ3URFHGXUH%IUHH]LQJRFFXUV
LQDLUZKLOHWKDZLQJLVGRQHLQZDWHU3URFHGXUH$LVWKH
SUHIHUUHGPHWKRGIRUDJJUHJDWHVFUHHQLQJ75%
7KLV FRPELQDWLRQ RI WZR WHVWLQJ VWDQGDUGV RQH IRU
VSHFLPHQSUHSDUDWLRQDQGRQHIRUWKHWHVWLQJVHTXHQFH
LVWKHPRVWZLGHO\XVHGWHVWPHWKRGIRUHYDOXDWLQJIUHH]H
WKDZUHVLVWDQFHRIDJJUHJDWH1PDL,WKDVEHHQ
ZLGHO\ DGRSWHG RIWHQ ZLWK VOLJKW PRGLILFDWLRQ E\ DQXPEHURI0LGZHVWHUQVWDWHKLJKZD\DJHQFLHVWRDGGUHVV
WKHLUVSHFLILFQHHGVDQGREVHUYDWLRQVDVDQDJJUHJDWH
VFUHHQLQJWRRO
7KH PDLQ FULWLFLVP RI WKH WHVW PHWKRG LV WKDW LWLV QRW
UHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIDFWXDOILHOGFRQGLWLRQV7KHFRQFUHWHLVVXEMHFWHGWRUDSLGIUHH]LQJDQGWKDZLQJLQDVDWXUDWHG
V WDWH ZKLFK LV XQOLNHO\ WR RFFXU LQ WKH ILHOG 7KXVDOWKRXJKWKHWHVWLVDEOHWRUDQNDJJUHJDWHIURPH[FHOOHQW
WRSRRUVRPHVD\LWFDQQRWEHXVHGUHOLDEO\WRSUHGLFWWKH
ILHOG SHUIRUPDQFH RI PDUJLQDO DJJUHJDWH 1PDL
%HFDXVH WKH WHVW LV PRUH VHYHUH WKDQ DFWXDO ILHOG
FRQGLWLRQVDJJUHJDWHVWKDWSDVVWKLVWHVWDUHJHQHUDOO\
JRLQJ WR SHUIRUP ZHOO LQ WKH ILHOG DW WKH H[SHQVH RISRWHQWLDOO\ UHMHFWLQJ DJJUHJDWH VRXUFHV WKDW KDYH
GHPRQVWUDWHGJRRGILHOGSHUIRUPDQFH
7KHWHVWPHWKRGLVZHOOGRFXPHQWHGLQ
$$6+727DQGLQ$670&7KHSRWHQWLDOIRUGHWHULRUDWLRQLV
PRVWRIWHQDVVHVVHGWKURXJKWKHOLQHDUH[SDQVLRQRIWKH
VSHFLPHQ RU WKURXJK WKH UHGXFWLRQ LQ WKH G\QDPLF
PRGXOXVRIHODVWLFLW\RIWKHFRQFUHWHDVLQGLFDWHGEHORZ
IRU $65 EXW LW ZLOO DOVR WULJJHU H[SDQVLRQ LQ
DJJUHJDWHVGXHWR$&57KHUHIRUHFRQFUHWHWKDW
VXIIHUVXQDFFHSWDEOHH[SDQVLRQLQWKLVWHVWVKRXOGEH
HYDOXDWHG SHWURJUDSKLFDOO\ XVLQJ $670 &
)LJXUH6$0GHYLFHSURGXFWLRQPRGHO7KH 6$0 1XPEHU KDV EHHQ FRUUHODWHG WR WKH DLUYRLG
VSDFLQJ IDFWRU REWDLQHG WKURXJK $670 & DQG WKH
'XUDELOLW\ )DFWRU ') RI FRQFUHWH DV DVVHVVHG LQ $$6+72 7 /H\ DQG7DEE :HOFKHO )LJXUHLVDSORWRIWKH6$01XPEHUYHUVXVWKH$670 & VSDFLQJ IDFWRU IRU PXOWLSOH FRQFUHWH PL[WXUHV 'DVKHG OLQHV LQGLFDWH WKH IDLOXUH FULWHULD IRU ERWK WHVWPHWKRGVSVLIRUWKH6$01XPEHUDQGLQFKIRUWKHVSDFLQJIDFWRU6LPLODUO\ILJXUHLVDSORWRI6$0
1XPEHU YHUVXV WKH $$6+72 7 ') DJDLQ ZLWK
GDVKHGOLQHVVKRZLQJFRPPRQIDLOXUHFULWHULDSHUFHQW
IRUWKH')5HVXOWVVXJJHVWWKDWWKH6$01XPEHUKDVD
EHWWHUFRUUHODWLRQZLWKUHVXOWVIURP$$6+727WKDQLW
GRHVWRWKH$670&VSDFLQJIDFWRU/H\
)LJXUH3ORW6$01XPEHUYHUVXV$670&VSDFLQJIDFWRU:HOFKHO )LJXUH3ORWRI6$01XPEHUYHUVXV$$6+727'XUDELOLW\)DFWRU/H\
7KHUHFRPPHQGHGDFFHSWDQFHFULWHULDIRUWKH6$0WHVW
GXULQJWKHPL[WXUHGHVLJQSKDVHDUH/H\
$670&7KHUDWH
RIZDWHUDEVRUSWLRQPPV
LVGHILQHGDVWKH
VORSHRIDEHVWILWOLQHRI
!+LJK0RGHUDWH
/RZ9HU\/RZ
1HJOLJLEOH
$OWKRXJKWKLVWHVWKDVEHHQHPEUDFHGE\PDQ\6+$VGXH
WR LWV HDVH RI XVH LW VXIIHUV D QXPEHU RI OLPLWDWLRQVLQFOXGLQJ6WDQQLVK+RRWRQDQG7KRPDV
aa aCurrent Applied
(I)Potential
Measured
(V)Concrete Surface
to be TestedCurrent Flow
LinesEquipotential lines
3HQHWUDELOLW\
6XUIDFH
5HVLVWLYLW\
[PP [LQ &\OLQGHU .2KPFP D6XUIDFH
5HVLVWLYLW\
[PP [LQ &\OLQGHU .2KPFP D +LJKD :HQQHUSUREHWLSVSDFLQJ
$OWKRXJK$$6+727LVFRQGXFWHGPRUHHDVLO\DQGFKHDSO\WKDQ$$6+727LWVXIIHUVPDQ\RIWKHVDPH
OLPLWDWLRQVLQWKDWWKHUHVXOWVDUHGHSHQGHQWRQWKHVDPSOHJHRPHWU\WHVWWHPSHUDWXUHWKHGHJUHHRIVDWXUDWLRQDQG
KRZWKHVDPSOHZDVVWRUHG:HLVV7RDGGUHVV
WKHVH OLPLWDWLRQV ZRUN LV XQGHUZD\ WR QRUPDOL]H WKH UHVXOWVRIDOOHOHFWULFDOWHVWVWKURXJKWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIVWDQGDUGVEDVHGRQWKHIRUPDWLRQIDFWRUZKLFKLVGLUHFWO\
UHODWHGWRWKHFRQFUHWHSRUHYROXPHDQGFRQQHFWLYLW\DV
ZHOODVWKHFRQGXFWLYLW\RIWKHSRUHVROXWLRQ:HLVV
7RWDODLUFRQWHQWVKRXOGEHJUHDWHUWKDQSHUFHQW
,IWKH6$01XPEHULVOHVVWKDQSVLWKHFRQFUHWHLVDFFHSWDEOH
,IWKH6$01XPEHULVEHWZHHQSVLDQGSVLPHWKRGV WR LQFUHDVH DLU FRQWHQW LQ VXEVHTXHQWGHOLYHUHGFRQFUHWHPXVWEHLPSOHPHQWHG
,IWKH6$01XPEHULVJUHDWHUWKDQSVLIUHH]H WKDZGXUDELOLW\LVDFRQFHUQ$QRWKHUWHVWWKDWLVEHFRPLQJSRSXODUDVDFRQVWUXFWLRQ