SFRP1 was found to be expressed in mesenchymal cells. Hedgehog is secreted from differentiated epithelial cells to induce SFRP1 expression in mesenchymal cells, which keeps differentiated epithelial cells away from the effect of canonical Wnt signaling.
Diseases associated with SFRP1 include Osteoporosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma . Among its related pathways are ncRNAs involved in Wnt signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma and Signaling by WNT . Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include G protein-coupled receptor activity and heparin binding .
In our study, we found that SFRP3 and SFRP4 upregulated the Wnt signaling pathway. We believe that SFRP3 may be involved in recruiting unknown enhancers to activate the Wnt pathway.
SFRP1, SFRP2, and SFRP5 bound with β-catenin and repressed the interaction of β-catenin and TCF4, whereas SFRP3 and SFRP4 facilitated the association of β-catenin with TCF4. This intracellular regulation of SFRPs modulates not only the transcriptional activity of the Wnt signaling pathway but also the CSC characteristics of cancer cells.