[PDF] The Future of Food Engineering – Marilyn Rayner





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[PDF] The Future of Food Engineering – Marilyn Rayner

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[PDF] The Future of Food Engineering – Marilyn Rayner

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The Future of Food Engineering - Marilyn Rayner

The job of every engineer is to make the word better by either ground breaking innovation or by incremental improvements. Many of the most salient challenges facing our world are related to food. For example, how to sustain a global population of 9.6 billion in 2050 when faced with the prospect that we will need to 69% more food calories than we did in 20061. Concomitantly to preventing hunger and malnutrition, we must also tackle the problems of the global obesity

epidemic and its associated health risks. To address these challenges, food engineering in the future

will have to contribute to advancing the health and function of processed food products, to improving the sustainability of food manufacturing and distribution, and to the spreading of food engineering knowledge, innovation, and best practice, especially to the developing world. The future food industry will need to meet increasing demands for improved health and wellness of consumers through the development of functional foods for specific consumer groups. The individualization or specialization of products may include foods for consumers with allergy/intolerances, adapting nutritional profile and food structure for the elderly, high performance products for athletes, and foods with lower calorie density or satiety increasing

properties to prevent and treat obesity. In the closely related fields of nutrition, physiology, and

food science, there have been many recent advances in these areas. Here food future engineers will provide the tools to transform lab results into industrial processes, maintaining health or added

value functionality, yet are still appealing to consumers within the constraints of safety, economics

and consumer demands. A growing challenge to future food manufacturing and distribution is sustainability. Food engineers should contribute to improving sustainability in several ways, ranging from the basic concepts of mass and energy balances that include environmental impact factors, to smarter process design that allows for the better utilization of waste streams, energy recovery, and water recycling. This will be of increasing important to increased production that needs to be achieved with limited resources and environmental impact. For example in 2010 food sector was responsible for 24% of greenhouse emissions and 70% of the global water use1. Considering the push towards fuel

efficiency in automotive sector (which account for a similar fraction of emissions) over the past 20

years and the massive industrial and academic research volume in the area, one would expect a

similar development in the agri-food and food processing industries. This may be difficult especially

if investments in more energy or raw-material efficient processes are required, as much of the food industry is already pressed by low margins. However by using an engineering approach in for example life-cycle analyses for production systems we can identify where improvements could have the greatest impact for improvement at lowest cost for industry. If we consider food engineering in a historical context, most food preservation technologies have

evolved from traditions to sciences. Traditional preservation techniques such as salting, drying, and

fermentation were developed by trial and error in human pre-history. During the industrial revolution, Nicholas Appert (1750-1841) spent over a decade developing the first canning process2. Current design approaches can achieve a similar process in a matter of hours. This is a significant improvement, however in terms of a global perspective, there are many areas of the world that are

unaffected or untouched by engineering, and tradition and empirical practice prevail. This is not to

say that traditional foods are bad, however if food safe and nutritious foods are to be produced on an industrial scale, food engineering knowledge and best-practices for the given circumstances

should be used - and it is our duty to make this happen. There is no reason for the developing world

not to go directly to the best technology, with the best sustainability, producing the best possible

products. Although much of the global food processing industry is already acting on a multi-

national scale, there still needs to be well trained local actors. One way to achieve this vision is

through teaching and research collaborations between universities in different parts of the world - solving scientific and practical problems together. Bearing in mind that over one quarter of the global population is employed directly or indirectly in the food sector, and population growth is expected to grow mainly in the developing countries over the next few decades, there are a lot of

future food engineers required in these parts of the world. Thus future food engineers will not only

have to work multi-disciplinary but also multi-culturally.

In summary:

ƒ Innovations in the food sector are central to health and wellbeing, both with respect to prevention and treatment of many costly diseases (diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular

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ƒ Food plays a critical role in the economic development and gender equality in low to medium income countries. With a functioning agri -food sector people do not need to merely live hand-to-mouth. It will free subsistence farmers thus enable women and girls to do other tasks or be educated, generate jobs, tax income, and personal income to buy other products and services once basic needs are met, i.e., once you are not worried about you kids going hungry you can do other productive things. ƒ Food production, preservation, processing and cooking (especially in developing countries) is a large source (if not the majority) of environmental damage. Examples include deforestation to make charcoal for house hold cooking needs, unsustainable water use for growing and processing, packaging, food waste, pre-/post-harvest, and in-store losses. Etc. etc. ƒ Humanity can still survive if there are not enough self-driving cars, mobile phones apps or stain resistant nano-surfaces etc. to go around Ȃ but not if there is not enough safe, healthy, available, and affordable foods for people on all parts of the globe.

Marilyn Rayner

Lund, 2015-02-25

1 World Resources Report (2013-2015).

2 Heldman & Lund (2011).


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