Jun 1 2021 prefer this expression over the aforementioned terms derived from Arabic roots. 4. As relatively recent lexical borrowings from English
The Arabic word for the preposition "after" that is: ba'da
substitute their own languages for Arabic throughout this section): following KSAs above and beyond those of court interpreters of other languages.
Vowel points are used sparingly and for romanization must be supplied In some words of Arabic origin this alif appears as a superscript letter over ?.
See https://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. 0626 ? ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE.
above English word-for-word translation is faulty. b) One-to-One Literal Translation: It is a broader form of translation. In this method we consider the
rary linguistic corpus for Arabic language. The corpus produced is a text corpus includes more than five million newspaper articles. It contains over a
these files in our normalization algorithm above. This stemmer attempts to find roots for Arabic words which are far more abstract than stems.
Foreign words often occur in Arabic text as transliterations. conditional probability distributions over Arabic characters and.
Exercise 3: Grammar – Figure out the Arabic word for 'How', 'What', and 'Where' Exercise 4: Vocabulary yourself by reading the Arabic in the boxes above
As we can see from the above example, word-for-word translation does not take Study the following Arabic word-for-word translation carefully and identify
The following exercise should be attempted only after memorising the above Arabic vocabularies with correct pronunciations 7 I Page 4 Reading and Writing-I
pronunciation of some of the Moroccan vowels in combination with the consonants listed in 2 above The descriptions below are accurate only for the vowels in
who lived a life of dignity, courage, wisdom, patience and above all affection, and Over the past 1300 years, many different kinds of Arabic language lexicons
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1264_4Unit_1_CommonArabicWords.pdf
UNIT1COMMONARABICWORDS
~W\~jLl\.l=~\ S t r uctu re 1 .
0Objectives
1.1Introduction
1.2Commonwords
1 .
3Exercise1
1 .
4Exercise2
1 .
5Exercise3
1 .
6Exercise4
1.
7Exercise5
1 .
8WritingSkills
1 .
9Table1
1 .
10Table2
1 .
11Exercise1
1.12Exercise2
1.13Exercise3
1 .1 4E x ercise4 1 .
15Exercise5
1 .
16Exercise6
1 .
17Exercise7
· 1. 1
8Exercise8
1.
19Exercise9
1 .
0OBJECTIVES
T h eobjectiveo fthisunitistomakeyoufamiliarwithfewcommon Arabi cwords,speciallytheuseof"YesandNo"inArabicand A rabicalphabetsalifba,ta,etc. 1 .
1INTRODUCTION
Inthisveryfirstunityouwilllearn20importantvocabularies.They arecloselyrelatedtoyourdailylifetosuchanextentthat s om etimesevenoneArabicwordcansolvetheproblemofanon Arab i cspeakingpersonlikeyou.Forexample:youareonyourway toairportandyouneedtoasksomeone,whereistheairport?You arenotabletoexpressfullsentenceinArabic.Youjusthappento pro n ouncet heword"maTar"thatisairport.Iamsureordinary Arabwillunderstandthatyouwanttogotoairportandhewill g ui deyoubypointingouttoairport.Therefore,youhavetoread t h evocabulariesgivenbelow,insuchawaythatyoucanfeelthem. Forexample,whenyousay"Yes"inArabic,trytofeelthatyouare 5 Rea d ingandWriting-Iacceptingsomethingandwhenyousay"No"inArabictrytofeel thatyouarerejectingsomething. Note:ThebasicfactaboutArabicisthatitiswrittenandreadfrom righttoleft. 1 .
2COMMONWORDS
Meanin
g s Ara b icWords J, Yes (na-am)~ No ( l a)"i \
Meanings
A rabi cWords 0
Houseo~
( bayt)~ , 0
Office0
"<...,,,(maktab)(" o,~ Comp a n y(sharika)~~ 0 S c hool0"" (madrasa)~.Jj".Q ,0,
Hospital0",9.
( r nustashfa)"-S91"1)lI114
Airport
- 0 , (maTar)~~ Ma nager o0} [mudir]~~ Staf f(muwaDHDHaf)~ja o0 Worke r ("amil)L1a~ 1 o0, (Ta"ira)o)Lb ~~~_ --- L --J.. Drive r Watch ma n En gi neer Do ctor Nurse
Accountant
Policeman
Car
Aeroplaneo0
[sa "i q)~~ o (Haris)~.JL;., o o", (muhandi s )(jIJ~CommonArabic W ords 4 .-a
W\~yJ\.l;t.il~\
, o01-(TabTb)",",1." , (mumarriDa)~~ o (mul-lasib) :~~ , (shurTi)~~ o0 (sayyara)()}Hl T hefollowingexerciseshouldbeattemptedonlyaftermemorising theaboveArabicvocabularieswithcorrectpronunciations.7 I Read i ngandWriting-I 8 "1.3EXERCISE1 (ThisexerciseisdesignedtoinculcatetheArabicwordswiththeir Engli s hequivalentsinthemindsoflearners)
Matchthewordswithcorrectmeanings
ArabicEnglishArabicEnglish
T a "ir a
Accountantna-amHouse
sayyara Aero P l ane- - +laOffice--------------------------- s hur " T i Ca rbaytYes--"---------~-.----------.-- mull as ibPolicemanmaktabCompany mum a r r iD a _WatchmansharikaNo._-------
HarisNursemadrasaEngineer
sa"Iq
StaffTabibSchool--
muwaDHDHafDrivermuhandisDoctor mudirAirport"amilHospital- ma"TarManagerImustashfaWorker-j I 1 .
4EXERCISE2
( Thi sexerciseisdesignedtoinculcate,aswellas,testthelevelof m e mo r i z in gthemeaningsoftheArabicwords) TranslatethefollowingwordsintoEnglishwithoutlookingat themeaningsgivenabove.
Arabic
EnglishArabicEnglish
T a" i r a na-am sayyarala shur " T i bayt mulla s ib maktab mumarriDa s h a rika Hari s madrasa sa " iq T abib muwaDHDHaf muhandis mudir "a mil ma " Tar m u s tashfa-- Co mm onArabic Wo r d s ~WI~yJIJ.;W"i11.5EXERCISE3 (ThisexerciseisdesignedtomakeyoupronouncetheArabicwords loudl yandtestyourlevelofmemorisingthemeaningsoftheArabic wor d s) TranslatethefollowingwordsintoArabicwithoutlookingat themeaningsgivenaboveandwhilewritingtheArabicwords pronouncethemloudly.
EnglishArabicEnglishArabic
HouseWatchman~"-
Office
Engineer
Y es
Doctor""
No Nurse .Company,Policeman
HospitalCar
SchoolAeroplane
Driver
.Accountant
StaffWorker
ManagerAirport,.
1 .
6EXERCISE4
(ThisexerciseisdesignedtohelpyoupronouncetheArabicwords loudl y) LookatthepictureandloudlypronouncethewordsinArabic.
Firstsentenceisdoneforyou
Thisismustashfa.
Thisis.
Thisis.
Thi sis. 9
ReadingandWriting-I
.. 1
0This-is.
Thisis.
Thisis.
Thisis.
H eis. Heis. Heis. Heis.
Sheis.:w"
H ".eIS. I Heis.
H.".eIS.
Sheis:.
." ,.1.7EXERCISE5 [Practiceoft"na-am",AAJ(Yes)and"la"Y(No)]
Thetwowords"Yes"and"No"areveryimportantinallthe
languageswithoutanyexception.Youwillnoticethatinalmost everythings,eitherweagreeandsay"Yes"orwedisagreeandsay "No".Inthefollowingexercisetrytopracticetheuseof"na-am" ~and"la""iwithcorrectpronunciation.Thefirsttwosentences ar edoneforyou. Qu e stion .
Isitahospital?
Isitahospital?
Isitanoffice?
I sitanoffice?
Isitacar?Answer
l aCommonArabic Words ~W\~yJ\j;W~\ 11 1 ,.ReadingandWriting-I ). 1
2Isitacar?
Isitanairport?
Isitanairport?
Isheamanager?
Isheamanager?
Isheawatchman?
Isheawatchman?
Issheadoctor?
Isheadoctor?
Isheanaccountant?
Isheanaccountant?
Issheadoctor?
1 .
8WRITINGSKILLS
. . ArabiciswrittenfromrighttoleftIthasonly29alphabetsas comparedto44inHindiand26inEnglish.Thereisnoconceptof capitalorsmallletters,buttheyassumevariantforms/shapes accordingtotheirpositions:isolated,initial,medialorfinal.They· areclearlyexplainedinthefollowingtable.Onecannotice similaritiesamongagroupoflettersinwhichdistinctionismadeby thedot/dots,whichareputeitheraboveorunderorinthemiddleof theletter. Note:Learningofthealphabetinvolvesthepronunciationalso, therefore,itisrecommendedtokeepintouchwithyour counselor. 1 .
9TABLE1
Only4lettersoutof29aregiveninthefollowingtable.Thetable showsthedifferentforms/shapesofthelettersaspertheirpositions: isolated,initial,medial,andfinal.Thoughthebookisopeningfrom lefttoright,we,inthefollowingunit,aredeliberatelytryingto inculcatethehabitofreadingandwritingfromrighttoleft. (Thistablecontainsonlyfouralphabets,theirpronunciations.and Englishequivalent.Learnersarerequiredtolearnthembyheart.)
Arabic
HowtoEquivalentinEquivalentin
Alphabetpronounce?EnglishHindi
\alIfa ~ bab ~ tat :.thath~Commonrabic Words 4 .-a
W\~~\JQW21\
13 1
ReadingandWriting-I
,.
141.10TABLE2
Note:Learnersarerequiredtocarefullynotedifferentshapesof thelettersaspertheirpositionsandpracticethereadingaswell aswriting.
Examples
FinalMedialInitial-Isolated
\ . :L\LL\\ ~ I. ... .a -,--""-J......~....~~,--".,:.:.:.:.:.:.~u-,--""-J- Ifyoulookcarefullyattheabovementionedfourletters,youwill findthattheirforms/shapeshavekeptonchangingaccordingto theirpositions.SoitbecameclearthatArabiclettersassume differentshapeaspertheirpositions.Youwouldalsohavenoticed thattheshapeofagroupoflettersissimilaranddifferenceismade .bythedot/dots,whichareputaboveorunderorinthemiddleofthe letter . Thefirstletter"T"pronouncedas(alf!)isequivalentto"a"in English.Practicethewritingof"I"initsisolateformandwhile writingsayloudly"alif" 1 .
11EXERCISE1
,,,,- , 1 .
12EXERCISE2
Practicethewritingof"I"initsmedialandfinalformsandwhile writingsayloudly"alif".Theletteralifiswritteninsamewayinits medialandfinalforms. L L L · L L Theformoftheletters~"ba",~"ta"and~"tha"isthesame.The distinctionamongthemismadebydotsonly.Theycanbejoinedto precedingandfollowingletters. Theletter~ispronouncedas"bii"anditsequivalentinEnglishis "b". Pra cticethewritingof~initsisolateformandwhilewritingsay lo udly"ba" 1 .
13EXERCISE3
. . I " "-2 " - I "-I " - I I " -
II
Practic
ethewritingof~initsinitial,medialandfinalformsand whilewritingsayloudly"bii", 1 .
14EXERCISE4
u . u
u . uI u . u " -IL " - J . J "
Theletter~ispronouncedas"td"anditsequivalentinEnglishis "t" .
Practi
c ethewritingof~inits"isolateformandwhilewritingsay loudl y"ta" 1 .
15EXERCISE5-,
~ ~ I I I~ I ~ ~CommonArabic Word s 4 ...a
W\~yJ\..bW"i\
15 R e adingandWriting-I .. 16I Practicethewritingof~initsinitial,medialandfinalformsand whilewritingpronouncethelettersloudly. 1 .
16EXERCISE6
......~ ....~....~....~ - ~\ . j Theletter~ispronouncedas"thii"anditsequivalentinEnglishis "th". Practicethewritingof~initsisolateformandwhilewritingsay loudly"thd" 1 .
17EXERCISE7
Practicethewritingof~initsinitial,medialandfinalformsand whilewritingpronouncethelettersloudly. 1 .
18EXERCISE8
.:.:.~ ...:.~ :...~:.U.\J t!iuu ,.CommonArabic Words ~WI~yJI.1:aW;/11.19EXERCISE9 Writethefirstfourlettersyouhavelearntinthisunitatleastfour times. . . . ,
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