[PDF] IslandBiogeography - The Center for Teaching and Learning - UNC





Loading...








[PDF] Information Technology Specialist - Winona State University

with an average starting salary of $35,453 for all Bachelor degree recipients regionally are expected to earn an average salary of $34,242 while The 




[PDF] Western Oregon University Earth and Environmental Science

Between 2013 and 2018, 15 of master's graduates reported starting salaries of $40,000 or less, reflecting employment in the

[PDF] CSU Career Center - Colorado State University

Generation and Pell Grant recipient respondents indicated slightly lower average salaries • 36 of respondents who indicated they participated in an 

[PDF] Mathematical Modeling of Biogeography-Based Optimization

Biogeography is the science and study of patterns of species distribution, including migration, extinction, and speciation The science of biogeography can 

[PDF] TeachingtheTheoryofIslandBiogeographyasanon5campusfield

Typicaleducationalinquiriesintotheseconceptsuseexistingor Faculty(Stipend:(The'amount'shown'represents'two'weeks'of'salary'for'Sara'Gagné 'Dr '




[PDF] BIOGEOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY OF BULGARIA

One of the most typical steppe animals from Northeastern Bulgaria Included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as “Vulnerable”

[PDF] A history of biogeographical regionalisation in Australia

18 juil 2012 · geography and starting a biogeographical legacy that still This will satisfy his employer, the State, and he will get his salary

[PDF] IslandBiogeography - The Center for Teaching and Learning - UNC

Typicaleducationalinquiriesintotheseconceptsuseexistingor Teaching the Theory of Island Biogeography as an on-campus field laboratory Faculty( Stipend:(The'amount'shown'represents'two'weeks'of'salary'for'Sara'Gagné 'Dr '

[PDF] Geography - Information Technology Specialist

with an average starting salary of $35,453 for all Bachelor degree recipients The Midwest Colleges and Employers Biogeography Geomorphology

The Biogeographer: Newsletter of the AAG Biogeography Specialty

Newsletter of the Biogeography Specialty Group I am amazed at the knowledge we possess and wield on any average day in any average lecture Itemized budget and justification (no more than one page)—Note: no salaries or indirect

[PDF] BIOGEOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY OF BULGARIA

dealing with the biogeography of continents or major parts of continents, and the ecology of well individualized One of the most typical steppe animals from Northeastern salaries On the other hand, new opportunities have been emerging

job announcements - eScholarship

Frontiers of Biogeography is searching for good can- didates to fill week, average; remuneration is in the form of support to Salary is based on standard Uni-

PDF document for free
  1. PDF document for free
[PDF] IslandBiogeography - The Center for Teaching and Learning - UNC 31504_713_Garcia_Gagne.pdf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#$%&'()!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!$0!$(!+(5%$6470!.'#12!1$8+,$*+,-!9'11'$6!:$,%'$!$(2!;$,$!:$)($,*&!;%'#(%#0!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

?!!"#$%&'(%)!@76#,+70!0*72'#0!&$A#!2#6+(0*,$*#2!*&$*!0*72#(*0!4#,.+,6!8#**#,!$(2!&$A#!'(%,#$0#2!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0!'(!%+7,0#0!*&$*!4,+6+*#!$%*'A#!1#$,('()!8-!6#$(0!+.!'(B7',-58$0#2!$%*'A'*'#0!$(2!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0D!E(#!%+641'%$*'+(!.+,!078F#%*0!07%&!$0!*&#!>$,*&!;%'#(%#0!$(2!>%+1+)-!'0!*&$*!%#(*,$1!*&#+,#*'%$1!*#($(*0!+.!*�#!2'0%'41'(#0!$,#!.'#1258$0#2D!"-4'%$1!#27%$*'+($1!'(B7','#0!'(*+!*�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

N!!Budget Request for SOTL Grant Year 2013 Joint Proposal? Yes X No Title of Project Teaching the Theory of Island Biogeography as an on-campus field laboratory Duration of Project 1 year Primary Investigator(s) Mr. William Garcia, Dr. Sara A. Gagné Email Address(es) wjgarcia@uncc.edu; sgagne@uncc.edu UNC Charlotte SOTL Grants Previously Received (please names of project, PIs, and dates) None Allocate operating budget to Department of Geography and Earth Sciences !!!!!!Year One!Account #!Award!January to June!Faculty Stipend!Transferred directly from Academic Affairs to Grantee on May 15!$ 3,598 !911250!Graduate Student Salaries!$7,000 911300!Special Pay (Faculty on UNCC payroll other than Grantee)!!!915000!Student Temporary Wages! $1,400 915900!Non-student Temporary Wages !!!920000!Honorarium (Individual(s) not with UNCC)!!!921150!Participant Stipends!!!

O!!925000!Travel - Domestic!!!926000!Travel - Foreign!!!928000!Communication and/or Printing!!!930000!Supplies! $1,050 942000!Computing Equipment!!!944000!Educational Equipment!!!951000!Other Current Services!!!!!!!GRAND TOTAL!$13, 048!!"%%'(*+,-%$J!!PD G**$%&Q4,+A'2#!$!($,,$*'A#!*&$*!#C41$'(0!&+I!*&#!.7(20!,#B7#0*#2!I'11!8#!70#2D!!?D R$0!.7(2'()!.+,!*&#!4,+F#%*!8##(!,#B7#0*#2!.,+6!+*&#,!0+7,%#0S!!TTT!U#0!!!TVT!@+D!!/.!-#0H!1'0*!0+7,%#0D!!!!!!!!!!!

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

X!!8159,#&($2,()$++%*,1(:&,4(;-*&(#52&(<$"-&*&'(35&"%(&1'E135472E4'47/85'W/;F0/74'[.:4<'\285'%/5<'$7A8']/74<'\285'K^'1_V'SM'E4'Y3..D'KK^':17'SL'47/85Z'J'L'P`'aA;;A3>'/>.34'A3'47/85'T16.5'WA34.7F%%b'K'$/;;13'*,'c'X/7A3.')34AF:7.._.''S@LJ'PK'KPO@SJ'&1'5417.'A3C.74.B7/4.5')0/_13'W-A7;F8/9'=/08;.'!/>5'=4/3DF28'!/>5'WA4-'W-A4.'W7A4.F13'=47A8V'(/5E1'F'X1D.;'!MKJQO6/V'8/E9'1:'SMM''SQ@SL'P'KKJ@K^'&1'5417.'A3C.74.B7/4.5'UA5-.7'%4-/31;V';A3.D'54..;'D720'PMTV')OM`FPM''KJJ@QM'K'KJJ@QM'&1'5174'A3C.74.B7/4.5'W/;F0/74']<7.d'B/9A3>'DA5-'^'KM'^M'&1'E135472E4'47/8'711:5'T16.5'$7A8F*A4.''K'TB@'KFKROe'[14'$/;C/3A_.D'f1A54'[/3>.7'(/A;5V'+4.0'gN'QLPPM''h''X1D.;'gN'KKO[$f=&K''O@L`'K'O@L`'&1'E135472E4'47/8'711:5'[10.F#.814'I]&+i'PO'A3@'d'K^'A3@'d'O'00@'\1772>/4.D'];/54AE'=-..4'A3'W-A4.'YKSF]/E9ZV'X1D.;'g'\I*FPOK^FKS'''''+34.73.4'g'PMPMJ^MLJ''JL@LQ'K'JL@LQ'&1'AD.34A:<'A3C.74.B7/4.5'W/7Dj5'(/427/;'=EA.3E.'#A55.E4A13'9A4'Y+4.0'g'KO','M`LOZ'JO@`S'KM'JO`@S'&1'0./527.'-/BA4/4'G2/;A4<'1:'A5;/3D5')0/_13'O'A3K'];/34'=1A;'=27C.<'+354720.34']['&.08.7/427.'X1A5427.'=23;A>-4'&.54.7'X.4.7'PQ@^K'P'SJ@QP'&1'67A4.'13'5/08;.'B/>5'[10.'#.814'$7./5.'8.3'S'P'KM'&1'DA58.35.'.4-/31;'W/7Dj5'(/427/;'=EA.3E.'WAD.FX124-'W/5-'!144;.5V'SMM'0T'Y+4.0'g'K^','OKKQ'Z'S@PS'KM'SP@S'&1'25.'A3'47/85'W/;FX/74')H/d')34AB/E4.7A/;'I7/3>.'[/3D'=1/8'#A5-'TAG2ADV'JO1_V'P89'J@^O'K'J@^O'&1'AD.34A:<'A3C.74.B7/4.5'!/73.5'/3D'(1B;.'"BAE9'.4'/;@'YPMMSZ'S^@S'K'S^@S'3=3>?(((((@ABCDEA(!!

Y!!''!.//0(,!1/!%*,!2,'-!!Z?[P!L('A#,0'*-!M'*-!3+71#A$,2H!M&$,1+**#H!@M!?\??N5[[[P!*Q!Y[O5X\Y5[[\\!!.Q!Y[O5X\Y5[[\Z!!&**4JQQ%1$0D7(%%D#27!!!@+A#68#,!XH!?[P?!!;E"K!:,$(*0!M+66'**##!M#(*#,!.+,!"#$%&'()!]!K#$,('()!%*1^7(%%D#27!!=#$,!M+66'**##!_#68#,0J!!!/!I,'*#!'(!0744+,*!+.!=,D!;$,$!:$)(<`0!$(2!_,D!3'11!:$,%'$`0!$441'%$*'+(!.+,!$!?[PN!;%&+1$,0&'4!+.!"#$%&'()!$(2!K#$,('()!GI$,2D!"&#!4,+4+0#2!,#0#$,%&H!!"#$%&'()*%")"+,&-&./&,0)*%"1/2)13)&4-#'5).&1("1(/#6%2)#4)#)3&"-5)-#.1/#*1/27)51)3&"-5).#4"58"96"/&0"'*4)6/1:&5")."**"/)-"#/'&'()1,*$10"4)*%#')4&0,-#*"5)5#*#;

\!!"&#!4,+4+0#2!4,+F#%*!I'11!$00#00!*&#!8#(#.'*0!+.!'(B7',-58$0#2!1#$,('()!*&,+7)&!*&#!'641#6#(*$*'+(!+.!$!(+A#1!8$0#2!#C4#,'#(*'$1!%+7,0#!4,+F#%*!*&$*!I'11!8#!0&$,#2!8#*I##(!*I+!%+7,0#0J!:>E:!N[[[!3'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!:>E:!O?PXQW?PX!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-D!!"�#!*I+!%+7,0#0!$,#!$(!'64+,*$(*!%+64+(#(*!+.!=#4$,*6#(*`0!(#I1-!,#A'0#2!7(2#,),$27$*#!%7,,'%7176!I&'%&!0*,#00#0!R76$(5>(A',+(6#(*$1!/(*#,$%*'+(0!'(!*&#!>$,*&!;%'#(%#0D!!"&#!6#$07,#6#(*!+.!*&#!8'+2'A#,0'*-!+.!'(A#,*#8,$*#!04#%'#0!$00+%'$*#2!I'*&!2'..#,#(*50'b#2!4$,c'()!1+*!6#2'$(0H!1+%$*#2!$*!A$,-'()!2'0*$(%#0!.,+6!$!d6$'(1$(2e!.+,#0*!0*,'c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a!'(%,#$0'()!.$%71*-50*72#(*!'(*#,$%*'+(a!'(%,#$0'()!%++4#,$*'+(!$6+()!0*72#(*0a!#(%+7,$)'()!$%*'A#!1#$,('()a!#(&$(%'()!0*72#(*!4,+.#00'+($1!2#A#1+46#(*a!$(2!'64,+A'()!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0D!!3#-+(2!*&#!*I+!'(0*,7%*+,0!$441-'()!*&#!,#071*0!+.!*&#!,#0#$,%&!*+!*&#',!+I(!%+7,0#0H!*&#-!41$(!*+!4,#0#(*!*&#!%1$00!,#071*0!$*!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!L(2#,),$27$*#!f#0#$,%&!M+(.#,#(%#!$(2!*&#!O*&!G((7$1!M$6470!M+(A#,0$*'+(0J!;*72#(*0!='0%700!;70*$'($8'1'*-!%+(.#,#(%#D!g'($11-H!*&'0!4,+F#%*!&$0!*&#!4+*#(*'$1!*+!'64$%*!'(0*,7%*'+(!I#11!8#-+(2!L@M!M&$,1+**#!I'*&!*&#!%+5h'`0!4,+4+0'()!*+!2'00#6'($*#!*&#',!#27%$*'+($1!,#071*0!$*!%+(.#,#(%#0H!07%&!$0!*&#!$((7$1!%+(.#,#(%#!+.!*&#!G00+%'$*'+(!.+,!*&#!;*72-!+.!R')&#,!>27%$*'+(H!$(2!8-!6#$(0!+.!$,*'%1#0!'(!F+7,($10H!07%&!$0!=&1>$&"'$"!$(2!*&#!?1,/'#-)13)@"1(/#6%2)&')A&(%"/)B5,$#*&1'D!!! It is my pleasure to recommend this project for your consideration. Please let me know if you require further information. Sincerely yours, Nancy A. Gutierrez, Dean College of Liberal Arts and Sciences !!!

Z!!GD!;h>M/g/M!G/_;!@76#,+70!0*72'#0!&$A#!2#6+(0*,$*#2!*&$*!0*72#(*0!4#,.+,6!8#**#,!$(2!&$A#!'(%,#$0#2!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0!'(!%+7,0#0!*&$*!4,+6+*#!$%*'A#!1#$,('()!8-!6#$(0!+.!'(B7',-58$0#2!$%*'A'*'#0!$(2!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!iM766'(0!#*!$1DH!?[[Oa!:#'#,!#*!$1DH!?[[\a!R6#1+5;'1A#,H!?[[Oa!R6#1+5;'1A#,!#*!$1DHH!?[[Ya!_$,C!#*!$1DH!?[[Oa!E1'A#,H!?[[YjD!G%*'A#!1#$,('()!0*,$*#)'#0!07%&!$0!*�#!6$-!8#!+.!A$,'+70!c'(20H!8+*&!2',#%*!$(2!'(2',#%*!ig'(c!?[[NjD!G!2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#!'(A+1A#0!0*72#(*0!#()$)'()!'(!,#$1!$%*'+(0!'(!$(!$7*&#(*'%!0#**'()D!g+,!#C$641#H!$(!#(A',+(6#(*$1!0%'#(%#0!0*72#(*!*&$*!4$,*'%'4$*#0!'(!$!,#$15I+,12!%+667('*-!2'0%700'+(!+.!#(A',+(6#(*$1!'007#0!'0!#()$)'()!'(!$!2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#D!/(2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#0!+%%7,!I&#(!0*72#(*0!$,#!7($81#!*+!4$,*'%'4$*#!'(!,#$15I+,2!0'*7$*'+(0D!/(5%1$00!,+1#541$-'()!#C#,%'0#0!$,#!#C$641#0!+.!'(2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#0D!!!=#04'*#!*&#!%+(0#(070!+(!*&#!8#(#.'*0!+.!$%*'A#!1#$,('()!0*,$*#)'#0!'(!&')&#,!#27%$*'+(H!1'**1#!'0!c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i"/3jH!I&'%&!4,#2'%*0!*&#!(768#,!+.!04#%'#0!+(!+%#$('%!'01$(20!8$0#2!+(!*&#',!0'b#!$(2!2'0*$(%#!.,+6!*&#!6$'(1$(2!i_$%G,*&7,!$(2!9'10+(H!PZXYjD!"&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!

P[!!3'+)#+),$4&-!I$0!4+0'*#2!+(!*&#!8$0'0!+.!#64','%$1!+80#,A$*'+(0!$(2!&$0!8##(!*#0*#2!#C*#(0'A#1-!70'()!#64','%$1!2$*$D!/(!+7,!A'#IH!07%&!*&#+,'#0!$,#!8#0*!*$7)&*!70'()!2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#0!*&$*!'(A+1A#!*&#!#1$8+,$*'+(!+.!&-4+*�#0H!4,#2'%*'+(0H!$(2!.'#12!2$*$!%+11#%*'+(D!=7#!*+!4,$%*'%$1!1'6'*$*'+(0H!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!'0!*,$2'*'+($11-!*$7)&*!70'()!0'671$*#2!2$*$H!'D#DH!$(!'(2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#D!/(!+7,!#C4#,'#(%#H!*&#!70#!+.!0'671$*#2!2$*$!,#071*0!'(!0*72#(*0!$%B7','()!$!074#,.'%'$1!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!*&#!4,+%#00#0!$(2!0-0*#60!8#'()!*$7)&*D!!!"&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!%$6470!4,+A'2#0!70!I'*&!$(!+44+,*7('*-!*+!#()$)#!0*72#(*0!'(!$!&$(205+(!#64','%$1!*#0*!+.!*&#!"/3!70'()!'(A#,*#8,$*#!04#%'#0!$(2!4$,c'()!1+*!'01$(20D!!9#!4,#2'%*!*&$*!$!2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#!07%&!$0!*&'0!I'11!'64,+A#!0*72#(*0`!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!*&#!%+(%#4*0!'(&#,#(*!'(!*&#!"/3D!"&#!2#0')(!+.!.'#1258$0#2!1#$,('()!$%*'A'*'#0!'(!&')&#,!#27%$*'+(!'0!),#$*1-!.$%'1'*$*#2!8-!*&#!70#!+.!+(#`0!%$6470!$0!$!1$8+,$*+,-D!/(!$22'*'+(H!0*72#(*0!8#(#.'*!.,+6!$!0*,+()!0#(0#!+.!41$%#!$(2!+I(#,0&'4!I&#(!*&#',!+I(!%$6470!'0!4$,*!+.!*&#!1#00+(D!!!"&#!+8F#%*'A#0!+.!+7,!4,+F#%*!$,#!*+J!PD!=#0')(!$(!'(B7',-58$0#2!1#$,('()!$%*'A'*-!*&$*!6$c#0!70#!+.!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!%$6470!$0!$!0*72-!$,#$!*+!*#0*!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-D!?D!M+64$,#!*&#!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0!.,+6!*&#!(#I!'(B7',-58$0#2!1#$,('()!$%*'A'*-!I'*&!*&+0#!.,+6!*,$2'*'+($1H!'(2',#%*!$%*'A'*'#0!70#2!*+!*#$%&!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-D!"&'0!4,+F#%*!0744+,*0!*#0!I'*&'(!*&#!=#4$,*6#(*!+.!:#+),$4&-!$(2!>$,*&!;%'#(%#0H!4$,*'%71$,1-!*&#!*#0!+.!:1+8$1!M&$()#!$(2!R76$(!>(A',+(6#(*!/(*#,$%*'+(0H!8-!4,+A'2'()!0*72#(*0!I'*&!$!2##4#,!$(2!6+,#!(7$(%#2!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!

PP!!*&#!.$%*+,0!*&$*!2#*#,6'(#!8'+2'A#,0'*-!$*!8+*&!,#)'+($1!$(2!)1+8$1!0%$1#0D!9'*&!*&'0!7(2#,0*$(2'()!*&#-!6$-!8#**#,!,#$1'b#!&+I!&76$(!$%*'A'*'#0!%$(!$1*#,!8'+2'A#,0'*-D!"&'0!4,+F#%*!$22,#00#0!*I+!+.!*&#!M+11#)#!+.!K'8#,$1!G,*0!$(2!;%'#(%#`0!)+$10H!($6#1-!d*+!0744+,*!$11!0*72#(*0`!$%$2#6'%!07%%#00!8-!6$'(*$'('()!$!0*72#(*!%1'6$*#!+.!#(,'%!#27%$*'+($1!#C4#,'#(%#0H!+44+,*7('*'#0!.+,!1#$2#,0&'4H!$(2!#C4+07,#!*+!*&#!$441'%$*'+(!+.!2'0%'41'($,-!c(+I1#2)#!$(2!0c'110e!$(2!d*+!.+0*#,!$!0#1.5,#.1#%*'A#!%+667('*-!+.!#27%$*+,0!I&+!%+(*'(7+701-!#C$6'(#!*&#',!4,+%#00#0!$(2!$00#00!4,$%*'%#0!'(!$11!$04#%*0!+.!*#$%&'()!$(2!,#0#$,%&!*+!'(07,#!#..#%*'A#!+7*%+6#0eD!"&#!'64,+A#2!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0!$(2!+44+,*7('*-!*+!#()$)#!'(!$%*7$1!.'#12!,#0#$,%&!4,+A'2#!),#$*1-!#(&$(%#2!0*72#(*!#C4#,'#(%#0H!I&'1#!*&#!2$*$!)#(#,$*#2!+(!'(2',#%*!A0D!2',#%*!1#$,('()!I'11!$11+I!*&#!'(0*,7%*+,0!*+!#C$6'(#!$(2!'64,+A#!+7,!*#$%&'()!4,$%*'%#0D!!!g7,*&#,H!*&#!2#A#1+46#(*!+.!*&'0!#C#,%'0#!I'11!4,+A'2#!$!*#641$*#!*&$*!'(0*,7%*+,0!$*!+*&#,!7('A#,0'*'#0!%$(!70#!*+!*#$%&!"/3!70'()!$!2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#D!/01$(20!&$A#!1+()!&$2!$!),#$*!'(.17#(%#!+(!*&#!0%'#(%#!+.!8'+1+)-!'(!)#(#,$1H!$(2!8'+)#+),$4&-!04#%'.'%$11-D!"&#!0*72-!+.!'01$(2!8'+*$0!&$0!'(.17#(%#2!%#(*,$1!*&#+,'#0!+.!8'+1+)-!07%&!$0!($*7,$1!0#1#%*'+(!i=$,I'(H!P\WZjH!#A+17*'+(!$(2!#%+1+)-!iK$%c!PZOYH!PZYXjH!04#%'$*'+(!%+(%#4*0!i_$-,!PZO?H!PZWNjH!$(2!)#+),$4&'%!A$,'$*'+(!+.!04#%'#0!iR7*%&'(0+(!PZW\H!PZWZH!$(2!PZXYjD!G0'2#!.,+6!=$,I'(`0!70#!+.!*&#!:$1k4$)+0!/01$(20!'(!&'0!.+,671$*'+(!+.!*&#!*&#+,-!+.!($*7,$1!0#1#%*'+(H!*&#!6+0*!0')('.'%$(*!'(.17#(%#!+.!*&#!0*72-!+.!'01$(20!.+,!8'+1+)-!'0!*&#!"/3!i_$%G,*&7,!$(2!9'10+(H!PZXYjH!I&'%&!&$0!8#%+6#!+(#!+.!*&#!6+0*!.7(2$6#(*$1!'2#$0!'(!8'+1+)-!.+,!7(2#,0*$(2'()!*&#!2'A#,0'*-!$(2!#%+1+)'%!0*,7%*7,#!+.!$,#$0D!"&#!'(.17#(%#!+.!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!'0!4#,A$0'A#!I'*&'(!8'+1+)-D!G0!$!,#071*H!4,+4#,!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!

P?!!3'+)#+),$4&-!4,+A'2#0!$!2##4#,!$(2!,'%&#,!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!6#%&$('060!%+(*,+11'()!8'+2'A#,0'*-D!!3D!K/">fG"Lf>!f>l/>9!EA#,!*&#!1$0*!2#%$2#!*&#,#!&$0!8##(!$(!'(%,#$0'()!2#6$(2!.+,!,#.+,6!'(!7(2#,),$27$*#!#$,*&!0%'#(%#!#27%$*'+(H!$(2!'(!4$,*'%71$,H!$641'.'%$*'+(!+.!7(2#,),$27$*#!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!i@$*'+($1!f#0#$,%&!M+7(%'1H!PZZXa!@$*'+($1!;%'#(%#!g+7(2$*'+(H!PZZXjD!!/641#6#(*$*'+(!+.!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#0!*&,+7)&!%+667('*-!+.!'(B7',-!4#2$)+)-!&$0!8##(!07%%#00.71!'(!(76#,+70!#$,*&!0%'#(%#!2#4$,*6#(*0!$*!2'..#,#(*!*-4#0!$(2!0'b#0!+.!7('A#,0'*'#0!$%,+00!*&#!L('*#2!;*$*#0!i37(1#-!#*!$1DH!?[[?a!m$,,#**!$(2!37,(1#-H!?[[Na!3#$(#H!?[[Oa!@'%+1$-0#(!$(2!f'**#,870&H!?[[Wj!$(2!'(*#,($*'+($11-!i#D)D!>2I$,20H!?[[Na!m$6#0H!?[[Xa!n'()H!?[[XjD!/(B7',-58$0#2!#27%$*'+(!$(2!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!8#(#.'*!8+*&!0*72#(*0!$(2!.$%71*-D!!;*72#(*0!%$(!8#**#,!*#0*!*&#',!'(*#,#0*!'(!$!%$,##,!'(A+1A'()!,#0#$,%&!iR#,,'%cH!PZZPa!@$*'+($1!;%'#(%#!g+7(2$*'+(H!PZZXa!m$,,#**!$(2!37,(1#-H!?[[NjD!!"&#-!6$-!8#!6+,#!6$,c#*$81#!$0!$!(#I!),$27$*#!I'*&!2#6+(0*,$*#2!0c'110!+(!$2A$(%#2!*++10H!*#%&(+1+)-!$(2!6$('471$*'+(!+.!2$*$!$(2!*&#-!6$-!8#!6+,#!%$4$81#!+.!%+667('%$*'()!*#%&('%$1!6$*#,'$1!*+!*&#!0%'#(*'.'%!%+667('*-!i;*7c70!$(2!K#((+CH!PZZWjD!!g'($11-H!0*72#(*0!#()$)#2!'(!#C4#,'#(*'$1!1#$,('()!6$-!)$'(!$!0#(0#!+.!0%'#(*'.'%!+I(#,0&'4!i:$I#1!$(2!:,##(),+A#H!?[[WjD!L(2#,),$27$*#!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!$,#!#B7$11-!'64+,*$(*!.+,!0%'#(%#!$(2!(+(50%'#(%#!6$F+,0D!!G%%+,2'()!*+!*&#!@$*'+($1!;%'#(%#!g+7(2$*'+(!iPZZXjJ!!d/(*#),$*'()!,#0#$,%&!$(2!#27%$*'+(!'0!$!4+I#,.71!6#$(0!8-!I&'%&!*+!4,+A'2#!0*72#(*0!I'*&!*&#!

PN!!0c'110!'(!4,+81#6!0+1A'()!$(2!%,'*'%$1!*&'(c'()!*&$*!I'11!8#!(#%#00$,-!.+,!*&#',!07%%#00.71!($A')$*'+(!+.!*&#!I+,c41$%#!'(!*&#!?P0*!%#(*7,-eD!g7,*&#,H!#C4#,'#(*'$1!1#$,('()!&$0!8##(!2#6+(0*,$*#2!*+!8#!$(!#..#%*'A#!6#*&+2!+.!,#*$'('()!(+(*,$2'*'+($1!0*72#(*0!'(!*&#!0%'#(%#0!in#,(!$(2!M$,4#(*#,H!PZ\Oa!:$I#1!$(2!:,##(),+A#H!?[[WjD!!MD!_>"RE=;!;&,<013$!=,'(*0-8!>,%*1415187)!=7,'()!*&#!g$11!+.!?[P[!3'+)#+),$4&-!I$0!*$7)&*!$0!$!%,+0051'0*#2!>;M/Q:>E:!O[[[!"+4'%0!%+7,0#D!E(#!+.!*&#!c#-!%+(%#4*0!I$0!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!*&#!0')('.'%$(*!'64$%*0!'*!&$0!&$2!+(!*&#!+A#,$11!0%'#(%#!+.!#%+1+)'%$1!8'+)#+),$4&-D!"I+!I##c0!iO!%1$00#0jH!$!1$8+,$*+,-H!$(2!$!4$4#,!I#,#!2#A+*#2!*+!*&#!*&#+,-D!"&#!.',0*!%1$00!'(A+1A#2!$!1#%*7,#!+(!*&#!8$0'%!.+,671$*'+(!+.!*&#!*&#+,-!$(2!'*0!0')('.'%$(*!4,#2'%*'+(0!70'()!2$*$!.,+6!A$,'+70!&'0*+,'%$1!4781'%$*'+(0!%'*#2!'(!*&#!*#C*8++c!+.!*&#!%+7,0#D!"&#!0#%+(2!$(2!*&',2!%1$00#0!'(A+1A#2!$(!'(5%1$00!$00')(6#(*!'(!I&'%&!0*72#(*0!%+11#%*#2!2$*$!70'()!'(5%1$00!0'671$*'+(0!+.!'01$(2!%+1+('b$*'+(0!$(2!#C*'(%*'+(D!"&'0!2$*$!I$0!*&#(!%+64$,#2!*+!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!_$%G,*&7,!$(2!9'10+(`0!6+2#1D!;*72#(*!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0!%+(%#,('()!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!I#,#!6#$07,#2!'(!*&,##!I$-0D!g',0*H!0*72#(*0!I#,#!$0c#2!671*'41#5%&+'%#!B7#0*'+(0!$(2!%+641#*#2!$(!#00$-!,#1$*#2!*+!'01$(2!8'+)#+),$4&-!+(!$(!#C$6D!"�#!B7#0*'+(0!I#,#!2#0')(#2!*+!$00#00!*&#!0*72#(*0`!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!*&#!*&#+,-!$(2!'*0!'64+,*$(%#!*+!,#)'+($1!$(2!)1+8$1!8'+2'A#,0'*-D!;#%+(2H!0*72#(*0!0786'**#2!$!0&+,*!$($1-0'0!+.!*&#!0'671$*'+(!2$*$!%,#$*#2!'(!%1$00!27,'()!1$8!$(2!%+64$,#2!*&'0!2$*$!*+!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-D!"&'0!$00')(6#(*!I$0!2#0')(#2!*+!

PO!!$00#00!0*72#(*0`!$8'1'*-!*+!$441-!*&#!*&#+,-!*+!$%*7$1!2$*$!$(2!%,'*'%$11-!$($1-b#!I&#*&#,!*&#!2$*$!6$*%!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!*&#!*&#+,-D!"&',2H!0*72#(*0!%&+0#!$(!'01$(2!.,+6!$!4,#4$,#2!1'0*!$(2!,#0#$,%!*&#!8'+2'A#,0'*-!$(2!)#+),$4&'%!.#$*7,#0!+.!*&#',!%&+'%#D!"&#-!I#,#!,#B7',#2!*+!70#!*&#',!c(+I1#2)#!+.!*&#!"/3!*+!#C41$'(!*&#!6+2#,(!04#%'#0!,'%&(#00!+.!*&#!'01$(2!*&#-!%&+0#D!!;&161$,4!>,%*1415187)!9#!4,+4+0#!*+!70#!*&#!A#)#*$*#2!'01$(20!'(!4$,c'()!1+*0!XH!XGH!$(2!PN!+(!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!ig')D!Pj!%$6470!$0!$!6+2#1!0-0*#6!I'*&!I&'%&!*+!*#0*!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!70'()!),+7(2!'(A#,*#8,$*#0!i),+7(2!8##*1#0!$(2!),+7(2!04'2#,0jD!9#!$0076#!*&$*!*&#!$04&$1*!07,.$%#!+.!*&#!4$,c'()!1+*0!,#4,#0#(*0!$!&+0*'1#!#(A',+(6#(*!*&$*!0#A#,#1-!%+(0*,$'(0!'(A#,*#8,$*#!2'04#,0$1!$(2!*&$*!A#)#*$*#2!'01$(20!$,#!&$8'*$*!.+,!),+7(2!'(A#,*#8,$*#0D!/(A#,*#8,$*#!,'%&(#00!I'11!8#!%+64$,#2!$6+()!'01$(20!+.!2'..#,#(*!0'b#0!$(2!1+%$*#2!$*!2'..#,#(*!2'0*$(%#0!.,+6!o6$'(1$(2`!0+7,%#!$,#$0!ig')D!PjD!! Figure 1. G#,'$1!A'#I!+.!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!%$6470D!9&'*#!0*$,0!'(2'%$*#!4+*#(*'$1!6$'(1$(20!.,+6!I&'%&!'(A#,*#8,$*#!04#%'#0!2'04#,0#!*+!4$,c'()!1+*!'01$(20!i'(0#*jD

PW!! 9#!41$(!*+!%+11#%*!4,#1'6'($,-!2$*$!+(!),+7(2!'(A#,*#8,$*#!,'%&(#00!'(!_$-!?[PN!i0##!"'6#1'(#jD!h,#1'6'($,-!2$*$!I'11!8#!70#2!*+!%,#$*#!A'07$1!'2#(*'.'%$*'+(!c#-0!.+,!70#!8-!:>E:!NPZ[J!3'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!:>E:!O?PXQW?PXJ!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-!0*72#(*0D!G!.'#12!$00'0*$(*!I'11!'(0*$11!4'*.$11!*,$40!'(!*&#!A#)#*$*#2!'01$(2!'(!1+*0!XH!XGH!$(2!PN!i*+*$1!(768#,!+.!'01$(20!'0!OXjD!"&#!(768#,!+.!*,$40!4#,!'01$(2!I'11!8#!4,+4+,*'+($1!*+!'01$(2!0'b#H!I'*&!*&#!06$11#0*!'01$(20!&+0*'()!$!0'()1#!*,$4D!G!4'*.$11!*,$4!%+(0'0*0!+.!*I+!41$0*'%!%740!#68#22#2!'(!*&#!),+7(2!I'*&!*&#!'((#,!%74!.170&!I'*&!*&#!),+7(2!07,.$%#D!",$40!I'11!8#!.'11#2!I'*&!P[[!6K!+.!4,+4-1#(#!)1-%+1!$(2!$!2,+4!+.!2'0&!0+$4!$(2!%+A#,#2!I'*&!06$11!,++.0!*+!4,#A#(*!,$'(!$(2!2#8,'0!.,+6!#(*#,'()!*&#!*,$4D!",$4!%+(*#(*0!I'11!8#!%+11#%*#2!+(%#!$!I##c!.+,!*&,##!I##c0!$(2!%+11#%*#2!'(A#,*#8,$*#0!I'11!8#!'2#(*'.'#2!*+!04#%'#0!+,!*&#!1+I#0*!*$C+(+6'%!1#A#1!4+00'81#!70'()!M'#)1#,!i?[[[j!$(2!L8'%c!#*!$1D!i?[[WjD!_+2#1!04#%'6#(0!+.!#$%&!04#%'#0!+,!*$C+(+6'%!),+74!I'11!8#!4&+*+),$4!70'()!*&#!%$6#,$!$**$%!*+!$!0*#,#+6'%,+0%+4#!'(!=,D!:$)(<`0!1$8+,$*+,-D!9#!I'11!70#!*�#!4&+*+),$4&0!$0!I#11!$0!4&+*+),$4&0!.+7(2!+(1'(#!i#D)DH!.,+6!87))7'2#D(#*j!*+!%,#$*#!A'07$1!'2#(*'.'%$*'+(!c#-0D /(!g$11!?[PN!$(2!;4,'()!?[POH!0*72#(*0!'(!:>E:!NPZ[!3'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!:>E:!O?PXQW?PX!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-H!,#04#%*'A#1-H!I'11!'2#(*'.-!'(A#,*#8,$*#0!%+11#%*#2!70'()!*&#!6#*&+2!2#0%,'8#2!$8+A#D!G!*#$%&'()!$00'0*$(*!'(!#$%&!%+7,0#!I'11!!0*72#(*0!'(0*$11!*,$40!$(2!4,#4$,#!*,$4!%+(*#(*0!.+,!'2#(*'.'%$*'+(!8-!0*72#(*0!27,'()!I##c1-!%1$00!4#,'+20D!;*72#(*0!I'11!'2#(*'.-!%+11#%*#2!'(A#,*#8,$*#0!'(!*&#!1$8+,$*+,-!70'()!*&#!A'07$1!'2#(*'.'%$*'+(!c#-0!4,+A'2#2H!,#.#,#(%#!8++c0H!$(2!8$0'%!0*#,#+6'%,+0%+4#0D!:>E:!NPZ[!3'+)#+),$4&-!0*72#(*0!I'11!$10+!70#!:/;!*+!#0*'6$*#!'01$(2!0'b#!$(2!'01$(2!2'0*$(%#!.,+6!0#A#,$1!2'..#,#(*!4+*#(*'$1!o6$'(1$(20`!ig')D!PjD!:>E:!O?PXQW?PX!

PX!!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-!I'11!$22'*'+($11-!%$1%71$*#!'01$(2!0&$4#!70'()!:/;!$(2!#0*'6$*#!*&#!&$8'*$*!B7$1'*-!+.!#$%&!'01$(2!'(!*&#!.'#12D!R$8'*$*!B7$1'*-!I'11!8#!#0*'6$*#2!.,+6!A$,'$81#0!*&$*!2#0%,'8#!),+7(2!%+A#,H!1'**#,!2#4*&H!*,##!4,#0#(%#H!0+'1!I$*#,!%+(*#(*H!$(2!0+'1!*#64#,$*7,#D!/(!#$%&!%+7,0#H!0*72#(*0!I'11!41+*!*&#!%+11#%*#2!2$*$!*+!2#*#,6'(#!'.!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!"/3!$,#!0744+,*#2!$(2!I'11!70#!0*$*'0*'%$1!$($1-0#0!i#D)DH!1'(#$,!,#),#00'+(0j!*+!*#0*!.+,!#..#%*0!+.!'01$(2!0'b#!$(2!'0+1$*'+(!+(!'(A#,*#8,$*#!,'%&(#00D!/(!$22'*'+(H!*&#!0*72#(*0!'(!:>E:!O?PXQW?PX!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-!I'11!*#0*!.+,!*&#!6#2'$*'()!'(.17#(%#0!+.!&$8'*$*!B7$1'*-!$(2!'01$(2!0&$4#!+(!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!"/3D!!!=D!>lGKLG"/E@!?96,&0+,-%'5!2,$08-!%1!>,'$3&,!@%34,-%!A,'&-0-8!.3%(1+,$)!9#!#C4#%*!0*72#(*0!I&+!07%%#00.711-!%+641#*#!*&#!4,+4+0#2!%1$00#0!*+!2#6+(0*,$*#!$!),#$*#,!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!'01$(2!8'+)#+),$4&-!'(!*&#!.+11+I'()!I$-0J • /64,+A#2!0%+,#0!+(!$!0'6'1$,!*#0*!*&$*!'0!)'A#(!$*!8+*&!*&#!0*$,*!i4,#5*#0*j!$(2!*&#!#(2!i4+0*5*#0*j!+.!*&#!0#6#0*#,D!• /64,+A#2!0%+,#0!+(!#C$60!)'A#(!27,'()!*&#!0#6#0*#,!%+64$,#2!*+!4,#A'+70!0#6#0*#,0!I'*&!2'..#,#(*!*#$%&'()!6#*&+2+1+)'#0!• =#6+(0*,$*#2!$8'1'*-!*+!2'0%700!*&#!0*,#()*&0!$(2!I#$c(#00#0!+.!6+2#10!.+,!*&#!)#+1+)'%!#A+17*'+(!+.!'01$(20!8$0#2!74+(!4,#0#(*!.1+,$!$(2!.$7($!• =#6+(0*,$*#2!$8'1'*-!*+!#..#%*'A#1-!0-(*�'b#!$(2!%,'*'B7#!0%'#(*'.'%!$,*'%1#0!$(2!6#2'$!,#4+,*0!$22,#00'()!8'+2'A#,0'*-D!>A$17$*'+(!+.!#$%&!+.!*�#!#C4#%*$*'+(0!I'11!8#!%+(27%*#2!$0!.+11+I0J!

PY!!$D ;*72#(*0!I'11!8#!)'A#(!$!4,#5*#0*!+(!*&#!.',0*!2$-!+.!%1$00!'(!:>E:!NPZ[!%+(0'0*'()!+.!B7#0*'+(0!%+(%#,('()!A$,'+70!$04#%*0!+.!8'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!*&#!0$6#!#C$6!+(!*&#!1$0*!2$-!+.!%1$00D!/64,+A#6#(*H!6#$07,#2!$0!*&#!$A#,$)#!(768#,!+.!%+,,#%*!$(0I#,0H!+(!B7#0*'+(0!,#1$*#2!*+!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!I'11!8#!%+64$,#2!.,+6!*&#!4,#5!*+!*&#!4+0*5*#0*D!"&'0!I'11!0#,A#!$0!$!.',0*!4$00!#C$6'($*'+(!+.!0*72#(*!7(2#,0*$(2'()D!8D p7$(*'*$*'A#!%+64$,'0+(!+.!0*72#(*!4#,.+,6$(%#!70'()!*&#!*I+!*#$%&'()!6#*&+20!I'11!8#!$%&'#A#2!8-!%+64$,'()!*&#!(768#,!+.!%+,,#%*!0*72#(*!,#04+(0#0!*+!*&#!671*'41#!%&+'%#!B7#0*'+(0!$0c#2!*&#!4,#A'+70!0#6#0*#,!*&#!%+7,0#!I$0!*$7)&*D!"�#!B7#0*'+(0!I#,#!4,#A'+701-!$0c#2!+(!*&#!:>E:!NPZ[J!3'+)#+),$4&-!.'($1!#C$6!70'()!*&#!4,#A'+70!*#$%&'()!6#*&+2+1+)-H!$(2!I'11!8#!$0c#2!$)$'(!+(!*&#!.'($1!#C$6!.+,!*&$*!%+7,0#!27,'()!*&#!g$11!+.!?[PND!9#!I'11!%+64$,#!*&#!$A#,$)#!(768#,!+.!%+,,#%*!$(0I#,0!8$0#2!74+(!#$%&!*#$%&'()!6#*&+2D!%D ;*72#(*!1#$,('()!I'11!8#!B7$1'*$*'A#1-!$00#00#2!8-!%+64$,'0+(!+.!0*72#(*!$(0I#,0!*+!*&#!#00$-!$(2!*&,+7)&!%+64$,'0+(!+.!0*72#(*!4$4#,0!+(!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-D!"�#!$00#006#(*0!I'11!#C$6'(#!0*72#(*!$8'1'*-!*+!$($1-b#!(#I!2$*$!i31++6H!?[[NjD!2D ;*72#(*!1#$,('()!'(!:>E:!O?PXQW?PX!I'11!8#!B7$1'*$*'A#1-!$00#00#2!8-!6#$(0!+.!$!.'($1!oF+7,($1!$,*'%1#`!*&$*!%+(*$'(0!$11!*&#!#1#6#(*0!+.!$!4,+.#00'+($1!0%'#(*'.'%!F+7,($1!$,*'%1#!i/_fG=!.+,6$*j!$(2!2#0%,'8#0!*&#!0*72#(*!,#0#$,%&!%$,,'#2!+7*!*+!*&#!*#0*!*&#!"/3!70'()!4$,c'()!1+*!'01$(20!+(!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!%$6470D!!

P\!!E. KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION 9#!41$(!*+!&$A#!0*72#(*0!'(!:>E:!NPZ[J!3'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!:>E:!O?PXQW?PXJ!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-!4,#0#(*!*&#!%1$00!,#071*0!i'D#DH!*&#!,#071*0!+.!*&#!*#0*!+.!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-j!$*!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!L(2#,),$27$*#!f#0#$,%&!M+(.#,#(%#!$(2!*&#!O*&!G((7$1!M$6470!M+(A#,0$*'+(0J!;*72#(*0!='0%700!;70*$'($8'1'*-!%+(.#,#(%#D!9#!$10+!41$(!*+!2'00#6'($*#!+7,!#27%$*'+($1!,#071*0!$*!L@M!M&$,1+**#`0!M#(*#,!.+,!"#$%&'()!]!K#$,('()`0!I+,c0&+40H!$*!%+(.#,#(%#0H!07%&!$0!*&#!$((7$1!%+(.#,#(%#!+.!*&#!G00+%'$*'+(!.+,!*&#!;*72-!+.!R')&#,!>27%$*'+(H!$(2!8-!6#$(0!+.!$,*'%1#0!'(!F+7,($10H!07%&!$0!3'+;%'#(%#H!*&#!m+7,($1!+.!:#+),$4&-!'(!R')&#,!>27%$*'+(H!$(2!*&#!m+7,($1!+.!:#+0%'#(%#!>27%$*'+(!F. HUMAN SUBJECTS We have completed the Human Subjects Protocol Form and will be submitting it for approval. We believe our proposal should be considered exempt research under provisions described on the University website on human subjects. G. EXTRAMURAL FUNDING We do not plan to seek extramural funding at this time.

PZ!!H. TIMELINE Date Activity May 6 2013 Pitfall traps installed in islands May 13 2013 Pitfall trap contents collected & traps re-set May 14 - 17 2013 Taxa collected identified May 20 2013 Pitfall trap contents collected & traps re-set May 21-24 2013 Taxa collected identified May 28 2013 Pitfall trap contents collected & traps re-set May 29-31 2013 Taxa collected identified June 4-18 2013 Identification keys created Fall 2013 Data collection and analysis in GEOG 3190 Biogeography Spring 2014 Data collection and analysis in GEOG 4216 Landscape Ecology Summer 2014 Project evaluation Fall 2014 Results disseminated !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

?[!!B,/,&,-(,$)!!!3>G@>H!fDmDH!?[[OD!L0'()!*&#!0%$(('()!#1#%*,+(!6'%,+0%+4#!.+,!2'0%+A#,-!8$0#2!1#$,('()!!'(!7(2#,),$27$*#!%+7,0#0H!!m+7,($1!+.!:#+0%'#(%#!>27%$*'+(H!AD!W?H!(D!N!4D!?W[5?WND!!3KEE_!3D!;D!PZWXD!"$C+(+6-!+.!>27%$*'+($1!E8F#%*'A#0J!"&#!M+)('*'A#!=+6$'(D!@#I!!U+,cJ!=$A'2!_%n$-!M+!/(%D!!3Lf@K>UH!hDMDH!>lG@;H!9DH!$(2!mGff>""H!ED;DH!?[[?D!!G!%+64$,'0+(!+.!$44,+$%�!$(2!!'(0*,76#(*0!.+,!#A$17$*'()!$!)#+1+)'%$1!0%'#(%#0!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!4,+),$6D!!!m+7,($1!+.!:#+0%'#(%#!>27%$*'+(H!AD!WH!(DPH!4D!PW5?OD!CIEGLER, J. C. 2000. Ground beetles and wrinkled bark beetles of South Carolina (Coleoptera: Geadephaga: Carabidae and Rhysodidae). Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA. !ML__/@;H!fD!RDH!9D!mD!:f>>@H!$(2!MD!>KK/E""D!?[[OD!dh,+64*#2e!'(B7',-58$0#2!1#$,('()!!'(!*&#!/(*,+27%*+,-!M'0*,-!K$8+,$*+,-D!m+7,($1!+.!M'%$1!>27%$*'+(!\PJ!?NZ5?OX!!=Gf9/@H!MD!P\WZD!E(!*&#!+,')'(!+.!04#%'#0!8-!*&#!6#$(0!+.!($*7,$1!0#1#%*'+(!+,!*&#!!4,#0#,A$*'+(!+.!.$A+,#2!,$%#0!'(!*&#!0*,7))1#!.+,!1'.#D!K+(2+(J!m+&(!_7,,$-D!!>=9Gf=;H!;DH!?[[ND!/(*#),$*#2!*#$%&'()!$(2!,#0#$,%&!'(!)#+),$4&-!$(2!*&#!#$,*&!$(2!!#(A',+(6#(*$1!0%'#(%#0!$0!#C#641'.'#2!8-!*&#!:,##(I&'%&5M-4,70!'('*'$*'A#H!!K'(c'()!*#$%&'()!$(2!,#0#$,%&!'(!*&#!)#+),$4&-H!#$,*&!$(2!#(A',+(6#(*$1!;%'#(%#0!%+(.#,#(%#H!G80*,$%*0H!4D!ZD!!g/@nH!KD!=D!?[[ND!M,#$*'()!0')('.'%$(*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#0J!G(!'(*#),$*#2!$44,+$%&!*+!!2#0')('()!%+11#)#!%+7,0#0D!m+00#-53$00H!;$(!g,$(%'0%+D!!:G9>KH!mD>DH!$(2!:f>>@:fEl>H!MDKDH!?[[WD!!=#0')('()!7(2#,),$27$*#!,#0#$,%&!!#C4#,'#(%#0!.+,!(+(*,$2'*'+($1!0*72#(*!1#$,('()!$*!0#$H!AD!WNH!(D!PH!4D!NP5NXD!!:#'#,H!fDH!hDMD!3176#(.#12H!fD!9D!_$,CH!mD!;D!n,$F%'cH!3D!g'0&6$(H!>D!;+1+I$-H!mD!M1$-5!M&$68#,0D!?[[\D!;*$(2$,2'b#2!*#0*!+7*%+6#0!.+,!0*72#(*0!#()$)#2!'(!'(B7',-58$0#2!%7,,'%71$!'(!*&#!%+(*#C*!+.!7,8$(!,#.+,6D!m+7,($1!+.!f#0#$,%&!'(!;%'#(%#!"#$%&'()!OWJ!Z??5ZNZD!!R>ff/MnH!fD;DH!PZZPD!_+*'A$*'()!*&#!7(2#,),$27$*#!*+I$,2!$!0%'#(%#!%$,##,!5!*&#!R+1-!!M,+00!M+11#)#!0766#,!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#H!!m+7,($1!+.!M+11#)#!;%'#(%#!"#$%&'()H!AD!?[H!4D!?ZO5?ZXD!!R_>KE5;/Kl>fH!MD!>D!?[[OD!h,+81#658$0#2!1#$,('()J!9&$*!2+!0*72#(*0!1#$,(S!!>27%$*'+($1!h0-%&+1+)-!f#A'#I!PXJ!?NW5?XXD!!

?P!!!R_>KE5;/Kl>fH!MD!>DH!=LRMG@H!fD!:DH!$(2!MR/@@H!MD!GD!?[[YD!;%$.+12'()!$(2!!$%&'#A#6#(*!'(!4,+81#658$0#2!$(2!'(B7',-!1#$,('()J!G!,#04+(0#!*+!n',0%&(#,H!;I#11#,H!$(2!M1$,c#!i?[[XjD!>27%$*'+($1!h0-%&+1+)'0*!O?JZZ5P[Y!!RL"MR/@;E@H!:D!>D!PZW\D!M+(%172'()!,#6$,c0D!M+12!;4,'()!R$,8+,!;-64+0'$!+(!!p7$(*'*$*'A#!3'+1+)-!??J!OPW5O?YD!!TTTTTTTTTTD!PZWZD!R+6$)#!*+!;$(*$!f+0$1'$H!+,!I&-!$,#!*&#,#!0+!6$(-!c'(20!+.!$('6$10S!G6#,'%$(!@$*7,$1'0*!ZNJ!POW5PWZD!!TTTTTTTTTTD!PZXYD!G!*,#$*'0#!+(!1'6(+1+)-H!A+1D!?5ND!@#I!U+,cJ!m+&(!9'1#-!$(2!;+(0D!!mGff>""H!ED;DH!$(2!3Lf@K>UH!hDMDH!?[[ND!!>()$)#6#(*!'(!$7*&#(*'%!)#+0%'#(%#!,#0#$,%&J!!!!>A$17$*'+(!+.!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!+.!7(2#,),$27$*#0!$(2!0#%+(2$,-!*#$%&#,0H!AD!WPH!(D!PH!4D!\W5Z[D!!n>f@H!>DKDH!G@=!MGfh>@">fH!mDfDH!PZ\OD!!>(&$(%#6#(*!+.!0*72#(*!A$17#0H!'(*#,#0*0!$(2!!$**'*72#0!'(!#$,*&!0%'#(%#!*&,+7)&!$!.'#12!+,'#(*#2!$44,+$%&D!!m+7,($1!+.!:#+1+)'%$1!>27%$*'+(H!AD!N?H!4D!?ZZ5N[WD!!n/@:H!RDKDH!?[[XD!!:#+0%'#(%#!1#$,('()!,#0#$,%&!'(!Ln!&')&#,!#27%$*'+(H!!!IIID)##0D$%D7cD!!KGMnH!=D!PZOYD!=$,I'(`0!.'(%�D!M$68,'2)#J!M$68,'2)#!L('A#,0'*-!h,#00D!!TTTTTTTTD!PZYXD!/01$(2!8'+1+)-!'1170*,$*#2!8-!*&#!1$(2!8',20!+.!m$6$'%$D!;*72'#0!'(!#%+1+)-H!!A+1D!ND!3#,c#1#-J!L('A#,0'*-!+.!M$1'.+,('$!h,#00D!!_GUfH!>D!PZO?D!;-0*#6$*'%0!$(2!*&#!+,')'(!+.!04#%'#0D!@#I!U+,cJ!M+1768'$!L('A#,0'*-!!h,#00D!!!TTTTTTTTTD!PZXND!G('6$1!04#%'#0!$(2!#A+17*'+(D!M$68,'2)#H!_GJ!R$,A$,2!L('A#,0'*-!h,#00D!!_GMGf"RLfH!fD!RD!$(2!>D!ED!9/K;E@D!PZXYH!"&#!*&#+,-!+.!'01$(2!8'+)#+),$4&-D!!_+(+),$4&0!'(!4+471$*'+(!8'+1+)-H!A+1D!PD!h,'(%#*+(H!@mJ!h,'(%#*+(!L('A#,0'*-!h,#00D!!_GfVH!fD!9DH!hD!MD!3KL__g>K=H!mD!;D!nfGMm/nH!3D!g/;R_G@H!>D!;EKE9GUH!fD!:>/>fH!$(2!!fD!"D!"GKD!?[[OD!/(B7',-58$0#2!0%'#(%#!'(!*&#!6'221#!),$2#0J!G00#006#(*!+.!1#$,('()!'(!7,8$(!0-0*#6!,#.+,6D!m+7,($1!+.!f#0#$,%&!'(!;%'#(%#!"#$%&'()!OPJ!P[XN5P[\[D!!@G"/E@GK!f>;>GfMR!MEL@M/KH!PZZXD!@$*'+($1!;%'#(%#!>27%$*'+(!;*$(2$,20J!!9$0&'()*+(H!=DMDH!@$*'+($1!G%$2#6-!h,#00H!?X?!4D!!

??!!@G"/E@GK!;M/>@M>!gEL@=G"/E@H!PZZXD!!;&$4'()!*&#!.7*7,#J!!@#I!#C4#%*$*'+(0!.+,!!7(2#,),$27$*#!#27%$*'+(!'(!0%'#(%#0H!6$*$*'%0H!#()'(##,'()!$(2!*#%&(+1+)-H!@;g5ZX5PNZD!!@/MEKGU;>@H!nDhDH!$(2!f/"">f3L;RH!KD9DH!?[[WD!!m+7,($1!+.!:#+0%'#(%#!>27%$*'+(H!AD!!WNH!(D!?H!4D!PXX5PY?D!!EK/l>fH!fD!?[[YD!>C41+,'()!$(!'(B7',-58$0#2!1#$,('()!$44,+$%&!I'*&!.',0*5-#$,!0*72#(*0!!'(!$!1$,)#!7(2#,),$27$*#!%1$00D!/((+A$*'+(0!'(!#27%$*'+(!$(2!*#$%&'()!'(*#,($*'+($1!OOJ!N5PWD!!;"LnL;H!hD!$(2!K>@@EVH!mD>DH!PZZWD!!L0#!+.!$(!'(A#0*')$*'A#!0#6#0*#,51#()*&!1$8+,$*+,-!!4,+F#%*!'(!$(!'(*,+27%*+,-!6'%,+8'+1+)-!%+7,0#H!m+7,($1!+.!M+11#)#!;%'#(%#!"#$%&'()H!AD!?WH!4D!PNX5PNZD!!UBICK, D., P. PAQUIN, P. E. CUSHING, and V. ROTH, eds. 2005. Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

?N!!'

Biogeography Documents PDF, PPT , Doc

[PDF] biogeographic zones

  1. Science

  2. Earth Science

  3. Biogeography

[PDF] biogeographic zones meaning

[PDF] biogeographic zones of india

[PDF] biogeographic zones of india map

[PDF] biogeographic zones of india pdf

[PDF] biogeographic zones of india ppt

[PDF] biogeographic zones of india upsc

[PDF] biogeographic zones of world

[PDF] biogeographical

[PDF] biogeography a study of plants in the ecosphere

Politique de confidentialité -Privacy policy