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M. Dželalija, Physics
CONTENTSIntroduction
University of Molise, Valahia University of Targoviste, University of Split Physics (lecture: 7 credits, laboratory: 0 credits)Mechanics (2 credits)
Thermodynamics (1 credit)
Electromagnetism (2 credits)
Light and Optics (1 credit)
Modern Physics (1 credit)Literatures:
R.A. Serway, J.S. Faughn, College Physics,Fifth Edition, Saunders College Publishing, 2000
D. Haliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker, Fundamentals of Physics,Sixth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2001 M. Dželalija, http://www.pmfst.hr/~mile/physics
Professor:
Prof. Mile Dželalija, University of Split, Croatia
E-mail: mile@mapmf.pmfst.hr
Split, 2001.
M. Dželalija, Physics
CONTENTSMechanics
Physicsis concerned with the basic principles of the Universe is one of the foundations on which the other sciences are based is tipical experimental science The beauty of physics lies in the simplicity of its fundamental theories The theories are usually expressed in mathematical form
Mechanics
is the first part of this lecture Sometimes referred to as classical mechanics or Newtonian mechanics is concerned with the effects of forces on material objects The first serious attempts to develop a theory of motion were made by
Greek astronomers and philosophersA major development in the theory was provided by Isac Newton in 1687
when he published his Principia Today, mechanics is of vital inportance to students from all disciplines 2
M. Dželalija, Physics
CONTENTSThe International System of Units
To report the result of a measurement of a certain physical quantity, a unit for the quantity must be defined. In 1960 an international committee agreed on a system of standards, called SI system. The SI units of length, mass, and time are the meter (m), kilogram (kg), and second (s)
The meter as the SI unit of length
1799, defined as 1/10000000 of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole
1983, redefined as the distance traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval
of 1/299792458 second (this establishes that the speed of light is 299792458 m/s)
The kilogram as the SI unit of mass
definied as the mass of a specific platinum-iridium alloy cylinder
The second as the SI unit of time
Before 1960, the second was defined as 1/86400 of average length of solar day in the year 1990. The second is now defined as 9192631700 times the period of oscilation of radiation from the cesium atom
M. Dželalija, Physics
CONTENTSExamples
3
M. Dželalija, Physics
CONTENTSPrefixes for SI Units
As a convinience when dealing with very large or
very small measurements, we use the prefixes, which represents a certain power of 10, as a factor. Attaching a prefix to an SI unit has the effect of multiplying by the associated factor.
For examples, we can express
a particular time interval as a particular length as a particular mass as
The most commonly used prefixes are:
kilo, mega, and giga centi, mili, micro, and nano ˜ ˜ ˜˜ ˜
M. Dželalija, Physics
CONTENTSOrder-of-magnitude Calculations
We often need to change the units in which the physical quantity is expressed. We do so multiplying the original measurement by a conversion factor.
For example,
to convert 2 min to seconds, we have or, 15 in to centimeters (1 in = 2.54 cm)
Order-of-magnitude Calculations
Sometimes it is useful to estimate an answer to a problem in which little information is given. This answer can then be used to determine whether or not a more precise calculation is necessery. When it is necessery to know a quantity only within a factor of 10, we refer to the order of magnitude of the quantity.
For example,
the mass of a person might be 75 kg. We would say that the person's mass is on the order of 10² kg. ˜ ˜ 4
M. Dželalija, Physics
CONTENTSExamples .
The micrometer (1 Pm) is often called the micron. How many microns make up 1 km? ˜|˜ ˜˜˜ ˜|˜ ˜˜˜ ˜ ˜˜ |˜˜ SSS Earth is approximately a sphere of radius 6370 km. What are its circumference in meters, its surface area in square kilometers, its volume in cubic kilometers? P One gallon of paint (volume = 0.00378 m³) covers an area of 25 m². What is the thickness of the paint on the wall? m25m 00378.0 4 23
˜|
M. Dželalija, Physics
CONTENTSExamples ..
Estimate the number of times your heart beats in a month. (Approximate time between normal hearbeat is 0.8 s) |
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