Functional antagonism: 2 chemicals counterbalance each other by producing opposite effects on the same physiologic function (eg epinephrine + diazepam) •
Agonist A drug that binds to receptor and has a cellular (pharmacological) effect Antagonist A drug that binds to a receptor but produces no direct
For example, toxic agents may be chemical (such as cyanide), physical (such as radiation) and biological (such as snake venom) A distinction is made for
on health and the environment, for example in relation to air quality, Interactions (including antagonism, potentiation, and synergies) usually occur at
Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemical, biological, or physical agents on For example, the receptor antagonist naloxone treats the
The Toxicological Effects of Exposure to Mixtures of Industrial and Environmental Chemicals Examples of interaction of reproductive toxicants in vivo
Agonist A drug that binds to receptor and has a cellular (pharmacological) effect Antagonist A drug that binds to a receptor but produces no direct
An antagonistic effect occurs when the combined effect of two chemicals is less than the sum Other types of acute cell toxicity caused by irritation may result in
The term antidote is by usage nearly confined to toxicology, although we make Cause mydriasis In the cat, for example, the salivary secretion caused by pilo-
The traditional definition of toxicology is "the science of The presence of other chemicals may decrease toxicity (antagonism), add to toxicity (additivity), or