1 the 'root' name, indicative of the number of carbon atoms in the Identify the "parent" chain by counting the longest number of carbon atoms which are
The number of chlorine atoms in the compound can be found by subtracting the number of non-carbon atoms (hydrogen + fluorine) from 2n + 2, where n = the number
Aliphatic hydrocarbons can be divided into three types, based on the number of bonds between neighbouring carbon atoms These different types
IUPAC nomenclature is based on naming a molecule's longest chain of carbons connected by single bonds, whether in a continuous chain or in a ring All
a carbon atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons An element is a substance made up of atoms with the same number of protons Elements are the
The value of the mole is equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12 • 12 00 g C-12 = 1 mol C-12 atoms = 6 022 × 1023 atoms
When a carbon atom has four single bonds, the Each Carbon Atom in an Alkane Forms a Number the carbon atoms in the principal chain starting from
The situation become slightly more complicated when the number of carbon atoms is increased to 5 There are 3 different structural isomers having the
functional group: an atom, or group of atoms (with specific connectivity), contain an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atom groups by single bonds
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137680_7mole.pdf
Mole & Molar Mass
Mole (mol): the amount of material counting 6.02214 × 10 23
particles The value of the mole is equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12. C-12 = 1 mol C-12 atoms = 6.022 × 10 23
atoms The number of particles in 1 mole is called Avogadro's Number (6.0221421 x 10 23
).
6.022 ×10
23
atoms 1 mol or 1 mol
6.022 ×10
23
atoms
Converting between Number of
Moles and Number of Atoms
Calculate the number of atoms in 2.45
mol of copper. A silver ring contains 1.1 x 10 22
silver atoms. How many moles of silver are in the ring?
2.45 mol Cu ×
6.022 ×10
23
atoms
1 mol
= 1.48 × 10 24
atoms Cu 1.1 ×10 22
atoms Ag × 1 mol
6.022 ×10
23
atoms = 1.8 × 10-2 mol Ag Molar Mass: the mass of 1 mol of atoms of an element An element's molar mass in g/mol is numerically equal to the element's atomic mass in amu.
1 mol C
C or C
1mol C
Converting between Mass and Number of MolesConverting between Mass and Number of Atoms
Calculate the moles of carbon in of
pencil lead. How many aluminum atoms are in a can weighing 16.2 g? C ×
1 mol C
C = 2.21 × 10 -3 mol C Al ×
1 mol Al
26.98 g Al
×
6.022 ×10
23
atoms
1 mol
= 3.62 × 10 23
atoms AlAtoms mol Cu g Al mol Al atoms Al mol Ag Atoms Ag mol C g C
Practice Problems
1. How many atoms are there in each of following?
(a) 3.75 moles of silver (b) 2.36 moles of xenon (c) 158 kg of phosphorus
2. What is the amount, in moles, of each of the following?
(a) of potassium (b) of Ar (c) 2.16 x 10 24
atoms of lead
3. What is the mass of each of the following?
(a) 1.9 x 10 24
atoms of Pb (in g) (b) 4.87 x 10 25
atoms of Zn (in kg) (c) 2.33 x 10 20 atoms of oxygen (in ng)
4. How many molecules are in 2.50 moles of CO
2 ?
5. Calculate the mass , in grams, of 0.433 mol of calcium nitrate.
Hint: Formula Weight of Ca(NO
3 ) 2 = (AW of Ca) + 2(AW of N) + 6 (AW of O)
6. Calculate the number of H atoms in 0.350 mol of C
6 H 12 O 6
References:
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 2
nd ed., Pearson Brown/LeMay/Bursten, Chemistry: The Central Science, 12 th ed., Pearson
Answers
1. (a) 2.26 × 10
24
silver atoms; (b) 1.42 × 10 24
xenon atoms (c) 3.07 × 10 27
phosphorus atoms
2. (a) 11.5 moles; (b) 0.295 moles Ar; (c) 3.59 moles
3. (a) ) 6.5 × 10
2 g; (b) 5.29 kg; (c) 6.19 × 10 6 ng
4. 1.51 x 10
24
atoms; 5. 71 Ca(NO 3 ) 2 6. 2.53 x 10 24
H atoms Gram Moles Formulaunits (atoms, molecules, ions) molar mass
Avogadro's
number