[PDF] Cell Biology, Molecular Biology And Biotechnology

43090_7BSCBO_301.pdf

BSCBO- 301

B.Sc. III YEAR

Cell Biology, Molecular Biology

And

Biotechnology

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

SCHOOL OF SCIENCES

UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY

CELL BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BSCBO-301

UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 1

BSCBO-301

CELL BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND

BIOTECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY

Phone No. 05946-261122, 261123

Toll free No. 18001804025

Fax No. 05946-264232, E. mail info@uou.ac.in

htpp://uou.ac.in CELL BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BSCBO-301

UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 2

Expert Committee

Prof. J. C. Ghildiyal Prof. G.S. Rajwar

Retired Principal Principal

Government PG College Government PG College Karnprayag Augustmuni Prof. Lalit Tewari Dr. Hemant Kandpal

Department of Botany School of Health Science

DSB Campus, Uttarakhand Open University

Kumaun University, Nainital Haldwani

Dr. Pooja Juyal

Department of Botany

School of Sciences

Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani

Board of Studies

Prof. Y. S. Rawat Prof. C.M. Sharma

Department of Botany Department of Botany

DSB Campus, Kumoun University HNB Garhwal Central University,

Nainital Srinagar Prof. R.C. Dubey Prof. P.D.Pant

Head, Department of Botany Director I/C, School of Sciences

Gurukul Kangri University Uttarakhand Open University

Haridwar Haldwani

Dr. Pooja Juyal

Department of Botany

School of Sciences

Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani

Programme Coordinator

Dr. Pooja Juyal

Department of Botany

School of Sciences

Uttarakhand Open University

Haldwani, Nainital

CELL BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BSCBO-301

UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 3

Unit Written By: Unit No.

1. Dr. Atal Bihari Bajpai 1 & 2

Associate Professor, Department of Botany,

DBS PG College,

Dehradun

2- Dr. Nishesh Sharma 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8

Asst. Professor, Department of Biotechnology,

Uttaranchal College of Applied and Life Science

Uttaranchal University,

Dehradun

3-Dr. Anil Bisht 9, 10, 11 & 12

Asst. Professor, Department of Botany,

DSB Campus, Kumaun University,

Nainital

Course Editor

Dr. Gulshan Kumar Dhingra

Associate Professor,

Department of Botany

Pt. LMS PG College

Rishikesh, Uttarakhand

Title : Cell Biology, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ISBN No. : 978-93-90845-38-5 Copyright : Uttarakhand Open University Edition : 2021 Published By: Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Nainital-263139 CELL BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BSCBO-301

UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 4

CONTENTS

BLOCK-1 CELL BIOLOGY PAGE NO.

Unit-1 The Cell 6- 44

Unit-2 Structures and Functions of Cell Organelles 45-84

Unit-3 Structure and Types of Chromosomes 85-114

Unit-4 Cell Division 115-144

BLOCK-2 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PAGE NO.

Unit -5 Structure and Composition of DNA 146-178

Unit-6 Structure and Composition of RNA 179-207

Unit-7 Modern Concept of Gene and Genetic code 208-245

Unit-8 Protein synthesis and Gene regulation of Protein synthesis 246-276

BLOCK-3 BIOTECHNOLOGY PAGE NO.

Unit-9 Recombinant DNA 278-314

Unit-10 Genetic Engineering 315-349

Unit-11 Biotechnology 350-377

Unit-12 Plant Tissue Culture 378-417

CELL BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BSCBO-301

UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 5

BLOCK-1 CELL BIOLOGY

CELL BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BSCBO-301

UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 6

UNIT-1THE CELL

1.1-Objectives

1.2-Introduction

1.3-Historical background

1.4-Cell theory

1.5- Size and structure of cell

1.6-Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell

1.7- Glossary

1.8-Self Assessment Question

1.9- References

1.10-Suggested Readings

1.11-Terminal Questions

CELL BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BSCBO-301

UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 7

1.1 OBJECTIVES

After reading this unit student will be able to understand about- the advancements in cell biology brief idea about the great diversity shown by cells in their shapes and sizes Also, to give an outline information about structures and purposes of basic components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. to know how the cellular components are arranged in both types of cell.

1.2 INTRODUCTION

The basic structural and functional unit of cellular organization is the cell. Within a selective and

relative semi permeable membrane, it contains a complete set of different kinds of units

necessary to permit its own growth and reproduction from simple nutrients. All organisms, more complex than viruses, consist of cells, yet they consist of a strand of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protective protein coat (the capsid). The word cell is derived from the Latin word cellula, which means small compartment. Hooke published his findings in his famous

work, Micrographia. Actually, he only observed cell walls because cork cells are dead and

A unit of biological activity delimited by a semi permeable membrane and capable of self reproduction in a medium free of other living organisms

LQWHJUDWHGRUJDQL]DWLRQLQOLYLQJV\VWHPVFDSDEOHRILQGHSHQGHQWVXUYLYDO