[PDF] Powder Metallurgy (PM) for Beginners





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Powder metallurgy – basics & applications

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POWDER METALLURGY

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Searches related to powder metallurgy ppt filetype:pdf

POWDER METALLURGY • Characterization of Engineering Powders • Production of Metallic Powders • Conventional Pressing and Sintering • Alternative Pressing and Sintering Techniques • Materials and Products for PM • Design Considerations in Powder Metallurgy Dr M Medraj Mech 421/6511 lecture 12/2 Introduction • Feasible when

What is powder metallurgy?

    POWDER METALLURGY (P/M) Feasible when the melting point of a metal is too high such as W, Ta, Mo the reaction occurs when melting such as Zr and for superhard tool materials Powder Metallurgy (PM) (around 1800s)

What are the advantages and disadvantages of powder metallurgy?

    Powder Metallurgy (PM) (around 1800s) Pressing – Powders are compressed into the desired shape in a press-type machine using punch-and-die tooling designed specifically for the part. Sintering - Heating at a temperature well below melting. Advantage Near-net shape, No waste, controlled porosity,Dimension control better than casting Disadvantage

What is the conventional method of compacting metal powders in pm?

    FIGURE 7.4: Pressing, the conventional method of compacting metal powders in PM: (1) filling the die cavity with powder, done by automatic feed in production, (2) initial, and (3) final positions of upper and lower punches during compaction, and (4) ejection of part.

Can powder metallurgy produce more complex parts with true three-dimensional geometries?

    More complex parts with true three-dimensional geometries are also feasible in powder metallurgy, by adding secondary operations such as machining to complete the shape of the pressed and sintered part, and by observing certain design guidelines PRACTICE QUESTIONS 7.1.

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for Beginners

An Introductory Lecture

EuroPM2017, Milan, October 2, 2017, 14:00-15:30

Dr. Volker Arnhold

Powder Metallurgy Solutions

Wuppertal, Germany

1

Thisshortlecturecoversimpor-

tantkeytopicsofPowderMetal- lurgy.Ithasthetargettogive peoplewithnoPMbackground agoodbasicunderstandingof themanymaterials,processes andapplicationsPMisoffering today.Theprimedriversare exclusivematerials(captive), specialalloys,microstructures anddesigns(unique)andcom- petitivereasons(economic).

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Dr. Volker Arnhold

Powder Metallurgy Solutions

Wuppertal, Germany

(volker@arnhold-pm.de) 2

Born 1949 in Wuppertal, Germany

Diploma Physics + PhD at WWU Münster, Institute of Metal Research

Metallurgy

Responsibilities: Technology-Management, R&D, Quality, Health and Safety, Innovation Management ......

Topics / experiences: Materials research, full process chain of press / sinter/ forge / MIM, spray compaction

(Aluminum), gear rolling, metallic filters, integration of CAD systems, modeling, simulation and testing (parts and

processes), furnace and press technologies (incl. tool production) Materials: Steels, tool steels, super alloys, aluminum, MMC

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Contents

1.Introduction: Why PM?

2.A quick History of PM

3.Key PM Processes and Applications

1.Powder Production

2.Sintering Process

3.Axial Compaction (Press and Sinter)

4.Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)

5.Metal Injection Molding (MIM)

6.Additive Manufacturing (AM, 3D Printing)

4.Conclusions and Outlook

3 Most videos, shown in this presentation, can be found on YouTube

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Contents

1.Introduction: Why PM?

2.A quick History of PM

3.Key PM Processes and Applications

1.Powder Production

2.Sintering Process

3.Axial Compaction (Press and Sinter)

4.Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)

5.Metal Injection Molding (MIM)

6.Additive Manufacturing (AM, 3D Printing)

4.Conclusions and Outlook

4

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Methods for the Processing of Metal Powders

to high / full Density 5

ASM Handbook, Vol. 7, Powder Metallurgy, p. 13

Press, MIM, 3D Print and Sinter

HIP

Powder Forging

(via Press and Sinter)

Additive

Manufacturing

Definition of Sintering (ISO):

Sintering is the thermal

treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles.

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Why using PM Technology?

6

Properties:

The material

1.cannot be manufactured by any

other method: e.g. hard metals, magnets, refractories, porous structures...

2.achieves via the specific PM-

processes, e.g. powder production (rapid solidification or mechanical alloying), properties, which may be destroyed by applying conventional processes (temperatures, deformation, times). PM-processes are able to maintain a good portion of the special properties.

Geometry:

PM is

1.the alternative with the superior

economical advantages compared to the conventional production processes (machining, cold / hot forming, casting processing (e.g. MIM, net shape compaction (axial, CIP or HIP...)).

2.Capable, as a net shape process,

to generate geometries, which cannot be manufactured by other methods at all (This holds especially for Additive

Manufacturing / 3 D Printing).

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Why using PM Technology?

7

ASM Handbook, Vol. 7, Powder Metallurgy, p. 9

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Materialand Energy Considerations

8Courtesy Kobe Steel

The old fashioned way

The better alternative

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Materialand Energy Considerations

9EPMA, Vision 2025, p. 7, www.epma.com

Press and Sinter

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Material and EnergyConsiderations

10Courtesy Kobe Steel

The old fashioned way

The better alternative

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Material and EnergyConsiderations

11Vladislav Kruzhanov, Volker Arnhold, Energy Consumption in PM Manufacturing,

Powder Metallurgy, 2012 vol. 55, p. 14

0481216

Pulvermetallurgie

Schmieden

Gießen

mech. Bearbeitung kWh/kg

0481216

Pulvermetallurgie

Schmieden

Gießen

mech. Bearbeitung kWh/kg

Machining

Casting

Forging

Powder

Metallurgy

These values include the energy consumption for the production of the raw materials (powder, steel, ingot)

The numbers are based on public domain data (e.g. industry reports) and individual studies in literature

A generally valid comparison is nearly impossible without focusing on specific components the scatter between the processes and different operations is high

Press and Sinter

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Energy Consumption in different PM Operations

(GKN Sinter Metals 26 operations) 12 Vladislav Kruzhanov, Volker Arnhold, Energy Consumption in PM Manufacturing,

Euro PM2011, Barcelona, October 10

Special processes / materials lead to the very high range:

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Contents

1.Introduction: Why PM?

2.A quick History of PM

3.Key PM Processes and Applications

1.Powder Production

2.Sintering Process

3.Axial Compaction (Press and Sinter)

4.Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)

5.Metal Injection Molding (MIM)

6.Additive Manufacturing (AM, 3D Printing)

4.Conclusions and Outlook

13

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Key PM Developments

14

ASM Handbook, Vol. 7,

Powder Metallurgy, p. 3

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Key PM Developments (1826-1865)

15

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Key PM Developments (1878-1900)

16

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Key PM Developments (1920ies Î)

17

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Key PM Developments (1920ies Î)

18

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Key PM Developments (1920ies Î)

19

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Key PM Developments (1930ies Î)

20 via www.epma.com

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Key PM Developments (1930ies Î)

21

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Key PM Developments (1950ies Î)

22

Powder Metallurgy (PM) for

Beginners

Key PM Developments (1950ies Î)

23
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