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Powder Metallurgy Randall J. German

Randall M. German is fully qualified to write this text on the Science of Powder Metallurgy. He was educated at San Jose State University (B.S.).



POWDER METALLURGY

Progress in Materials Science. 46(6)



Randall M. German Associate Dean

Materials Science and Engineering from San Jose State University (1968). He Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials Processing (2005) Liquid Phase ...



Modeling and Simulation of Press and Sinter Powder Metallurgy

Seong Jin Park Pohang University of Science and Technology. Randall M. German



Yılmaz Taptık Professor

M and some of contemporary P/M engineering applications. Textbook. -Powder Metallurgy Science Randall M. German



Strength Evolution in Debinding and Sintering

Randall M. German. Brush Chair Professor in Materials. Center for Innovative Sintered Products. P/M Lab 147 Research West. Pennsylvania State University.



Rapid Heating Concepts in Sintering

Randall M. German. Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute (J. Kor. Powd. Met. Inst.) compact the electric field is 1.67 103 V/m



Advances in Powder Metallurgy Rhenium

" Near-Net Shape Powder. Metallurgy Rhenium Thruster" AIAA paper 2000-3132



Powder Methods

II – Powder Methods - Randall M. German. ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems Powder Metallurgy Science 2nd edition





Powder Metallurgy Randall J. German

Randall M. German is fully qualified to write this text on the Science of Powder Metallurgy. He was educated at San Jose State University (B.S.).



POWDER METALLURGY

Progress in Materials Science. 46(6)



473/97 FEG-SPG

INTRODUÇÃO À METALURGIA DO PÓ (M/P). 1.1 Definições. 1.2 Breve História Powder Metallurgy Science. Randall M. German. Ed. Princeton second edition



Powder Metallurgy & Par_culate Materials

Source: Reprinted with permission from Randall M. German. Powder Metallurgy Science



Ravi K. Enneti Advances Understanding of Refractory Metals

“I was initially exposed to the field of powder metallurgy after reading Powder Metallurgy Science by. Randall M. German” he said. Enneti noted.



Randall M. German Associate Dean

Professor German's research and teaching deal with the net-shape fabrication of engineering materials via sintering techniques as used in powder metallurgy 



Modeling and Simulation of Press and Sinter Powder Metallurgy

Randall M. German San Diego State University. EFFECTIVE COMPUTER SIMULATIONS of metal powder compaction and sintering are at the top of the powder 



Course title: Introduction to Powder Metallurgy Institute/Division

modern sintering methods. Literature: 1. Randall M German - Powder Metallurgy Science 1994 Publisher Metal Powder. Industries Federation.



Book Reports

NOTEWORTHY. Book Reports. Powder Metallurgy Science (Second Edition) by Randall M. German. Powder metallurgy (P /M) has been practiced since ancient times.



Relationship between Cold Isostatic Pressing and Uniaxial

Zavaliangos “Constitutive Models for the Simulation of P/M Processes”



Powder Metallurgy Processing of Intermetallic Matrix Composites

Powder Metallurgy Processing of Intermetallic Matrix Composites Randall M German and Ronald G Iacocca P/M Lab 118 Research West Engineering Science and Mechanics Department The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802-6809 ABSTRACT



Powder Metallurgy Technology: Amazonin: Upadhyaya G S: Books

1 Introduction Powder techniques are widely employed in the fabrication of cermets metals ceramics and even some polymer systems Widely recognized by the term P/M the group of techniques are variously interpreted to mean powder methods particulate materials or powder metallurgy



An Analysis of Appraoches to High-Performance Powder Metallurgy

High-Performance Powder Metallurgy Randall M German Neal Myers Timothy Mueller Guneet Sethi and R Kumar Enneti Center for Innovative Sintered Products P/M Lab 147 Research West Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802-6809 Abstract High performance comes with full density Full-density net-shape water-atomized



Powder metallurgy : science technology and materials

4 3 PowderMixing 100 4 3 1 Lubricantadditive 102 4 3 2 Binder additive 104 4 3 3 Equipments 106 4 4 Granulation 109 4 5 CoatingonMetal Powders 112 4 5 1 Electroplating 112 4 5 2 Electrolessdeposition 112 4 5 3 Coating by hydro-metallurgical process 113 4 6 PowderDegassing 114 POWDERCOMPACTION 118 5 1 Basic Aspects 118 5 1 1 Powderpacking 118 5

Is there a textbook on powder metallurgy technology?

    A need has been felt for quite some time for a textbook exclusively on powder metallurgy technology for students as well as practising engineers. There are books on scientific aspects of powder metallurgy, but details of technological aspects are not available.

What is the fundamental powder metallurgy process?

    In the fundamental powder metallurgy process, a powder of the matrix metal is mixed with hollow particles. The mixture is compacted and then sintered to obtain the final part.

What are the tolerances for powder metallurgical manufacturing processes?

    Tolerances for powder metallurgical manufacturing processes are moderate, typically .003-.005 inches. For these reasons, powder processing would be most competitive with other processes in the manufacture of large numbers of small parts, that do not require high mechanical strength or close tolerances.

Powder

Metallurgy

Science,

Technology

andMaterials Anish

Upadhyaya

Associate

Professor

Departmentof

MaterialsScience

and

Engineering

IndianInstitute

ofTechnologyKanpur, India GS

Upadhyaya

Former

Professor

Departmentof

Materialsand

MetallurgicalEngineering

IndianInstitute

ofTechnologyKanpur, India

Foreword

by

Prof.DrKen-ichi

Takagi,

TokyoCityUniversity,Tokyo

Contents

Foreword

v

Prefacevii

Abouttheseriesix

1INTRODUCTION1

6

1.2TreatmentofPowder7

1.3

Compaction

ofPowder7 1.4

Sintering

8

1.5Full

DensityProcessing

8 1.6

Secondary

Treatment10

1.7

Applications

10

1.8HolisticViewofPMScienceand

Technology

12

2POWDERPRODUCTION15

2.1ChemicalMethods15

2.1.1Solid-statereduction17

2.1.2

Hydro-metallurgical

reduction 20

2.1.3Ion

exchange method23

2.1.4Direct

synthesis 24

2.1.5Some

specificpowdersproducedby chemicalmethod25 2.2

Electrolytic

Method39

2.2.1Some

specificpowdersproducedbyelectrolysis 41

2.3AtomisationMethod45

2.3.1Gasatomisation52

2.3.2Wateratomisation53

2.3.3

Liquidgas

atomisation55 2.3.4

Centrifugal

atomisation56

2.3.5Vacuum

atomisation58

2.3.6Ultrasonic

gas atomisation 58

2.3.7Chillmethods60

2.3.8Some

specific atomisedmetaland alloypowders 61
2.4

Evaporation

Methods63

2.5MechanicalMethods64

3

POWDERCHARACTERISATION

79

3.1PowderSampling

79

3.2Chemical

Composition

andStructure80 xiiContents

3.3ParticleSize

82
3.3.1

Sieving

method 83
3.3.2

Permeability

method 84
3.3.3

Lightscattering

method 85

3.3.4Sedimentationmethod

86
3.3.5

Turbidimetry

method86 3.3.6

Crystallite

sizemeasurement 88

3.4ParticleSurface

Topography

88

3.5SurfaceArea

88

3.6True,Apparent

and Tap

Density

88

3.7FlowRate

92
3.8

Compressibility

92

3.9GreenStrength

93
3.10

Pyrophoricity

and

Toxicity

93

4POWDERTREATMENT

98

4.1Particle

Separation

99
4.2

Annealing

andDiffusion

Alloying

99

4.3Powder

Mixing

100

4.3.1Lubricantadditive102

4.3.2Binderadditive

104
4.3.3

Equipments

106

4.4Granulation

109
4.5

Coating

onMetalPowders 112
4.5.1

Electroplating

112

4.5.2Electroless

deposition 112
4.5.3

Coatingbyhydro-metallurgicalprocess

113

4.6Powder

Degassing

114
,POWDERCOMPACTION 118

5.1Basic

Aspects

118

5.1.1Powder

packing 118

5.1.2Powderbedunderload120

5.1.3 Type ofmaterial 123

5.2Die

Compaction

124
5.2.1

Pressingoperation

125
5.2.2

Compactionpresses

127

5.2.3Pressselection128

5.2.4Factors

affectingtoolingdesign 129
5.2.5

Tooling

materials132

Contents

xiii

5.2.6Partclassification

133

5.2.7Guidelinesfor

partgeometry 136

5.3Warm

Compaction

138

5.4Wet

Compaction

140

5.5ColdIsostatic

Compaction

140

5.5.1Isostatic

press equipment and pressingoperation 141

5.6PowderRoll

Compaction

146

5.7PowderExtrusion

148
5.8

Injection

Moulding

150

5.8.1PIM

partdesign 152

5.9GreenPartMaterial

Handling

153

6PRESSURELESSPOWDERSHAPING

158
6.1

SlipCasting/SlurryMoulding

158

6.1.1Viscosity

ofa slurry 160
6.1.2

Drying

160
6.2

TapeCasting

162
6.3

ElectrophoreticDeposition

164
6.4

SprayDeposition/Forming

164

6.5SolidFreeformFabrication

166

7SINTERINGTHEORY

171

7.1Solid-stateSintering:

Pressureless

173
7.1.1

Analyticalapproach

tosintering:Stages in sintering 174

7.1.2Non-isothermal

sintering 181

7.1.3Microstructuralevolution

183

7.1.4Numericalsimulationof

sintering 186
7.1.5

Phenomenologicalapproach

to sintering 188
7.1.6

Sinteringmaps

or diagrams 189

7.1.7Sintering

of nanopowders 189

7.1.8Solid-state

sintering of premixed/pre-alloyedpowders 193
7.2

Liquid

PhaseSintering

194
7.2.1

Stages

of liquidphasesintering 195
7.2.2

Wettingaspects

of liquidphasesintering 197

7.2.3Microstructuralevolution

duringliquidphasesintering 198
7.2.4

Supersolidussintering

202

7.3Activated

Sintering

203

7.4Pressure-assisted

Sintering

208

7.4.1Plastic

yielding mechanism 210

7.4.2Creep

mechanisms 210
xivContents

7.4.3Viscousflowmechanism213

7.5Electronic

Theory

of

Sintering:

AUnified

Approach

214
7.5.1

Liquidphasesintering

215

7.5.2Activated

sintering 217

7.5.3Case

study:Sintering of refractorycompounds 217

8SINTERINGTECHNOLOGY

228
8.1

Debinding

229

8.2Loose

Sintering

229
8.3

Sintering

Furnaces

230
8.3.1

Batch-type

furnace 230

8.3.2Continuousfurnace

quotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23
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