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Advanced Java Programming with Database Application

Course Designer and Acquisition Editor

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering

Manonmaniam Sundaranar University

Tirunelveli

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar University

Advanced Java Programming with

Database Application

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar University

CONTENTS

Lecture 1 1

Data Base Management Systems

Introduction

Summary of DBMS Functions

CODD's Rules

Lecture 2 17

Structured Query Language

Structured Query Language

Using SQL as a Data Definition Language

Using SQL as a Data Manipulation Language

Using SQL as a Data Query Language

Functions

Lecture 3 33

JDBC Architecture

Remote Database Access

Lecture 4 40

JDBC

Introduction

Connecting to an ODBC Data Source

JDBC Connection

JDBC Implementation

Resultset Processing: Retrieving Results

Lecture 5 67

Prepared Statement

Callable Statement

Other JDBC Classes

Moving the Cursor in Scrollable Result Sets

Making Updates to Updatable Result Sets

Updating a Result Set Programmatically

Lecture 6 94

Introduction To Software Components

Software Component Model

Features of Software Component

Javabean

Importance of Java Component Model4

Bean Development Kit

Starting the BeanBox

Using The BDK Beanbox and The Demo Javabeans

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar University

Lecture 7 107

Building Simple Bean

Building the First Bean

Event Handling

Lecture 8 117

Bean Persistence

Serialization and Deserialization

Serializable Bean

Lecture 9 130

Introspection

Introspector

Bean Info

Simple Bean Info

Feature Descriptor

Bean Descriptor

EventSetDescripter

Property Descripter

Lecture 10 141

Properties

Simple property

Boolean property

Indexed Property

Bound properties

Lecture 11 149

Constraint properties

Customization

Property Editor and Customization

Level of customization

Lecture 12 158

Discussion

Lecture 13 159

EJB - Overview

How Did We Get Here?

Component Transaction Monitors

TP Monitors

Object Request Brokers

Middle - Ware Architecture

Application Server

Example Application Servers

The Transactional and n-tier View

The Middleware and 3-tier View

Why Application Servers?

What Application Servers should provide?

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar University

Lecture 14 170

Enterprise Javabeans

Why Do We Need EJB?

What Exactly Is EJB?

EJB Features

Deployment

Roles and Responsibilities

Lecture 15 & 16 188

Creating a Simple Enterprise JavaBean

Implementation

Looking into the working

Lecture 17 209

Introduction to Distributed Applications

Distributed Vs Non-Distributed Models

Introduction to RMI

RMI Architecture

Bootstrapping and the RMI registry

Working of RMI

advantages of RMI

Lecture 18 222

Building a Simple Client/Server Application

Create the Remote Interface

Create a class that implements the Remote Interface

Create the main Server program

Create Stub and Skeleton Classes

Copy the Remote Interface and Stub File to the Client Host Create a Client class that uses the remote services

Start up the Registry, Server and Client

How RMI simulates pass by reference

Lecture 19 234

Dynamic Class Loading

Introduction

Codebase in applets

Codebase in RMI

Command-line examples

An Example of Dynamic Class Loading

Lecture 20 245

Troubleshooting Tips

Problem while running the RMI server

Problem while running the RMI client

OBJECT ACTIVATION

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar University

Lecture 21 252

Making an Object Activatable

The remote Interface

The Implementation class

The policy file

Creating the "setup" class

Compile and run the code

Lecture 22 262

Discussion

Lecture 23 263

Introduction

Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

Java Server API

Java Servlet API

SERVLET OVERVIEW

What Are Java Servlets?

What is the Advantage of Servlets Over "Traditional" CGI?

STARTING WITH SERVLETS

Basic Servlet Structure

The Life Cycle of a Servlet

Servlet Security

A Simple Servlet Generating Plain Text

A Servlet that Generates HTML

Lecture 24 280

Handling Form Data

Introduction

REQUEST HEADERS

An Overview of Request Headers

Reading Request Headers from Servlets

Example: Printing all Headers

Lecture 25 294

Response Headers

Overview

Common Response Headers and Their Meaning

Example: Automatically Reloading Pages as Content Changes

Lecture 26 308

Overview Of Cookies

The Servlet Cookie API

Some Minor Cookie Utilities

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonaniam Sundaranar University

Lecture 27 321

Session Tracking

What is Session Tracking?

The Session Tracking API

Servlet Communication

Applet -Servlet communication

Calling Servlets From Servlets (JSDK 2.0)

Lecture 28 336

Working with URLs

Reading Directly from a URL

Connecting to a URL

Reading from and Writing to a URLConnection

Reading from a URLConnection

Writing to a URLConnection

Lecture 29 334

JSP Basics

The Magic of JSP

What are the Advantages of JSP?

JSP Request Model

Lecture 30 350

JSP Architecture

Getting on with JSP

Behind the scenes

Components of a JavaServerPage

Template Text: Static HTML

JSP Scripting Elements

JSP Directives

Lecture 31 362

Handling JSP Error

Creating JSP error page

Examples using scripting elements & directives

Syntax Summary

Predefined variables

Example Using Scripting Elements and Directives

Comments and character quoting conventions

Redirecting to an exeternal page

Comments and Character Quoting Conventions

Lecture 32 383

Discussion

Syllabus 383

Database Management Systems

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 1

Lecture 1

Database Management Systems

Objectives

In this Lecture will learn the following:

What is Database?

Database Approach

DBMS Functions

DBMS Standardization

Conceptual data modeling

Relational Model

CODD'S Rules

Database Management Systems

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 2

Coverage Plan

Lecture 1

1.1Snap Shot

1.2Summary of DBMS Functions

1.3Data Base Project Development

1.4Types of Relationship

1.5Codd's Rule

1.6Short Summary

1.7Review Questions

Database Management Systems

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 3

1.1 Snap shot

Every organization has a pool of resources that it must manage effectively to achieve its objectives.

Although their rule differs all resources human, financial and material share a common characteristic.

The organization that fails to treat data or information as resource and to manage it effectively will

be handicapped in how it manages its, manpower, material and financial resources. In order to satisfy the information requirements of management, the data should be stored in an organized form.

What is a Database?

A brief definition might be: THE INFORMATION, HELD OVER A PERIOD OF TIME, IN

COMPUTER - READABLE FORM.

Typical examples of information stored for some practical purpose are: Information collected for the sake of making a statistical analysis, e.g. the national census. Operational and administrative information required for running an organization or a commercial concern this will take the form of stock records, personnel records, customer records . . . etc.

Held over a Period of Time

Because of the investment involved in setting up a database, the expectation must be that it will continue to be useful, over years rather than months. But the relationship with time varies from one type of information to another An organizational database may not change very drastically in size, but it will be subject to frequent updating (deletions, amendments, insertions) following relevant actions within the organization itself. Ensuring the accuracy, efficiency and security of this process is the main concern of many database designers and administrators. The function of the DBMS is to store and retrieve information as required by applications programs or users.

Data verses Information

Database Management Systems

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 4 Data are facts concerning people, places, events or other objects or concepts. Data are often relatively useless to decision-makers until they have been processed or refined in some manner. Information is data that have been processed and refined and then given in the format that is convenient for decision making or other organizational activities. For example, report about

student fee paid details is useful information for finance section. Actually data are the facts stored

in the record of a database. But the processed facts are presented in a form for usage is information.

Data Base concepts

A database is a shared collection of interrelated data designed to meet the varied information needs of an organization. Consider an example, in a payroll application each person's record has NAME, AGE, DESIGNATION, BASIC PAY . . . etc as columns. So payroll database has collection

of all employees of all employees records, that are interrelated. From the database, various reports

like payslip, persons with particular designation, service report etc can be obtained. The database acts as a media to store the data in an organized way so that it can be managed effectively. A database has two important properties: It is integrated and shared.

Benefits of the Database approach

The data base approach offers a number of important advantages compared to traditional approach. These benefits include minimal data redundancy, consistency of data, integration of data, sharing of data, enforcement of standards, ease of application development, uniform security, privacy and integrity controls, data accessibility and responsiveness, data independence, and reduced program maintenance.

Minimum data redundancy

With the data base approach, previously separate data files are integrated into a single, logical

structure. So each item is ideally recorded in only one place in the database. Hence in a data base

system, the data redundancy is controlled.

Consistency of data

By eliminating data redundancy, the consistency of data has greatly improved. If any change in the data, it can be incorporated in one place than the traditional file system.

Database Management Systems

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 5

Integration of data

In a database, data are organized into a single, logical structure, with logical relationships defined

between associated data entities.

Sharing of data

The database is intended to be shared by all authorized users in the organization. Since all the data are integrated,

1.2 Summary of DBMS Functions

Data definition

Data can be defined as FILES to RECORD STRUCTURES FIELD NAMES, TYPES and SIZES RELATIONSHIPS between records of different types Extra information to make searching efficient, e.g. INDEXES.

Data entry and validation

Validation may include: TYPE CHECKING, RANGE CHECKING, CONSISTENCY CHECKING In an interactive data entry system, errors should be detected immediately - some can be prevented altogether by keyboard monitoring - and recovery and re-entry permitted. If the database is error bound then it will be the main cause to make the program error prone. Updating: Updating of data is very important otherwise it will be a waste in a long run. Updating involves: Record INSERTION, Record MODIFICATION, Record DELETION. Updating may take place interactively, or by submission of a file of transaction records; handling these may require a program of some kind to be written, either in a conventional programming language or in a language supplied by the DBMS for constructing command files.

Data retrieval on the basis of selection criteria

Database Management Systems

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University

6 For this purpose most systems provide a QUERY LANGUAGE with which the characteristics

of the required records may be specified. Query languages differ enormously in power and sophistication but a standard, which is becoming increasingly common, is based on the so- called RELATIONAL operations.

These allow

Selection of records on the basis of particular field values. Selection of particular fields from records to be displayed. Linking together records from two different files on the basis of matching field values. Arbitrary combinations of these operators on the files making up a database can answer a very large number of queries without requiring users to go into one record at a time processing.

Report definition

Most systems provide facilities for describing how summary reports from the database are to be created and laid out on paper. These may include obtaining: COUNTS, TOTALS, AVERAGES, MAXIMUM and MINIMUM values On a table over particular CONTROL FIELD above layouts have to be found out. Also specification of PAGE and LINE LAYOUT, HEADINGS, PAGE-NUMBERING, and other narrative to make the report comprehensible.

Security

This has several aspects: Ensuring that only those authorized can see and modify the data, generally by some extension of the password principle. Ensuring the consistency of the database where many users are accessing and up-dating it simultaneously. Ensuring the existence and INTEGRITY of the database after hardware or software failure. At the very least this involves making provision for back-up and re-loading.

Why have databases (and a DBMS)?

Database Management Systems

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 7 An organization uses a computer to store and process information because it hopes for speed, accuracy, efficiency, economy etc. beyond what could be achieved using clerical methods. The objectives of using a DBMS must in essence be the same although the justifications may be more indirect.

DBMS Standardization

Early computer applications were based on existing clerical methods and stored information was partitioned in much the same way as manual files. But the computer's processing speed gave a potential for RELATING data from different sources to produce valuable management information, provided that some standardization could be imposed over departmental boundaries. The idea emerged of the integrated database as a central resource. Data is captured as close as possible to its point of origin and transmitted to the database, then extracted by anyone within the organization who requires it. However many provisos have become attached to this idea in

practice, it still provides possibly the strongest motivation for the introduction of a DBMS in large

organizations. The idea is that any piece of information is entered and stored just once, eliminating

duplications of effort and the possibility of inconsistency between different departmental records. Data redundancy has to be removed at the most possible.

Advantages

Organizational requirements change over time, and applications programs laboriously developed need to be periodically adjusted. A DBMS gives some protection against change by taking care of basic storage and retrieval functions in a standard way, leaving the applications developer to concentrate on specific organizational requirements. Changes in one of these areas need not affect elsewhere. In general a DBMS is a substantial piece of software, the result of many man-years of effort. Provide more facilities than would be economic in a one-off product. The points discussed above are probably most relevant to the larger organization using a DBMS

for its administrative functions - the environment in which the idea of databases first originated. In

other words the convenience of a DBMS may be the primary consideration. The purchaser of a small business computer needs all the software to run it in package form, written so that the minimum of expertise is required to use it. The same applies to departments (e.g. Research & Development) with special needs that cannot be satisfied by a large centralized system. When comparing database management systems it is obvious that some are designed in the expectation that professional staff will be available to run them, while others are aimed at the total novice.

Database Management Systems

Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 8 Actual monetary costs vary widely from, for instance, a large multi-user Oracle system to a small

PC-based filing system.

1.3 Data base Project Development

The conventional SYSTEMS LIFE CYCLE of project Development consists of: Analysis, Design,

Development, Implementation, Maintenance.

Analysis

A CONCEPTUAL DATA MODEL describing the information which is used inside the organization but not in computer-related terms. The conceptual data model provides a contextquotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23

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